Prospective Studies of Homocysteine and Cardiovascular Disease
Open accessAbstract
The link between vascular disease and elevated homocysteine levels has been recognized for more than 30 years, and an association with moderately elevated levels has been suspected for 20 years. The initial investigations were case series, cross-sectional, and case-control studies. Those studies consistently suggest a strong positive relationship between moderate hyperhomocysteinemia and risk of vascular disease. However, a major limitation of these types of study design is that the possibility of elevated homocysteine levels being influenced by the disease or its treatment cannot be ruled out. In case-control studies there is always concern about the appropriateness of the control group. These issues pose much less of a problem in prospective designs. Prospective studies also offer the opportunity to study various manifestations of cardiovascular disease at the same time. However, prospective studies tend to be more expensive and time-consuming, perhaps explaining the smaller number of prospective studies and why the first was not published until 1992. The distinct limitations and advantages of prospective studies are also reviewed.
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The elevation of homocysteine concentration in the blood is a risk factor not just for CAD but also for stroke and PAD.
“The elevation of homocysteine concentration in the blood has been reported to be a risk factor not just for CAD but also for stroke and PAD287–289).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [288]
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- Authors
- Verhoef, P., & Stampfer, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Nutrition Reviews
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-04-27
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 283-288
- ISSN
- 0029-6643 (ISSN-L)
- 1753-4887
- OpenAlex
- W2143907402
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.wur.nl
- Locations
- Nutrition Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA042182, CA 42182, CA-40356)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Keywords
- homocysteine, hyperhomocysteinemia, cardiovascular disease, vascular disease, prospective study, study design limitations, control group selection, cardiovascular risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Homocysteine, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Bias, Case-Control Studies
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