The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 13 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Beyond 'Islam' vs 'Feminism'
Open accessAbstract
Islamic feminism has gained currency since the 1990s and has become the label for a new brand of feminist scholarship and activism that is associated with Islam. But this article argues that the composite term ‘Islamic feminism’ has become so loaded with disputed meanings and implications, so enmeshed in local and global political struggles, that it is no longer useful in any kind of descriptive or analytical sense. I reflect on the term in the light of developments since the 1990s, and argue that the ‘war on terror’ has further complicated the situation. Alternative approaches to the study of women's activism are put forward, including the examination of the personal, sociopolitical trajectories of so-called Islamic feminists, in their own specific contexts. Such an approach to women's agency must be understood in an unfolding reality, in which both political Islam and international and secular feminism have manifestly failed in practice to secure justice for women and have lost credibility and legitimacy.
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Claims the paper makes
1 Valid · 5 Not valid · 11 Not checked · 50 Own results and interpretations
A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only women in Iran who had difficulty with the term were those activists who either were working with government organisations or remained loyal to the early gender discourse of the Islamic Republic.”
§ Beyond 'Islam' vs 'Feminism' > 3 The emergence of feminist voices in Islam
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As the term gained currency in the late 1990s, most of those defined by academics and journalists as 'Islamic feminists' rejected either the 'Islamic' or the 'feminist' part of the term.”
§ Beyond 'Islam' vs 'Feminism' > 3 The emergence of feminist voices in Islam
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Women in Musawah seek just such engagements with proponents of supposedly authentic but patriarchal versions of the Islamic legal tradition.”
§ Beyond 'Islam' vs 'Feminism' > 5 New spaces, new voices
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“in her last book, Gilligan portrays Ayaan Hirsi Ali as the model of resistance to patriarchy in Islamic contexts (Gilligan and Richards 2009: 254).”
§ Beyond 'Islam' vs 'Feminism' > 4 The personal is political
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gilligan and Richards 2009: 254
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Without this distinction, reinterpretation and legal change become difficult or impossible.”
§ Beyond 'Islam' vs 'Feminism' > 2 Questions to ask
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 33
- Probably not a substantial claim. 35
Citations
Cites
Feminism in Islam: secular and religious convergences
(2010) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-4952 · Cited by 398
Islamic Feminism and Its Discontents: Toward a Resolution of the Debate
Moghadam, V. M. (2002) · Signs · doi:10.1086/339639 · Cited by 371
Muslim Women's Quest for Equality: Between Islamic Law and Feminism
Mir‐Hosseini, Z. (2006) · Critical Inquiry · doi:10.1086/508085 · Cited by 322
Islam and Gender: The Religious Debate in Contemporary Iran
Brown, L. C., & Mir-Hosseini, Z. (2000) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20049698 · Cited by 286
Self-citationMarriage on Trial: Islamic Family Law in Iran and Morocco
(1993) · doi:10.5040/9780755612277 · Cited by 121
Islam and gender: the religious debate in contemporary Iran
(2000) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.37-5757 · Cited by 120
Islam and Gender: The Religious Debate in Contemporary Iran
Mir-Hosseini, Z. (2000) · Princeton University Press · doi:10.1515/9781400843596 · Cited by 120
Self-citationSchmugge, L. (2012) · Catholic University of America Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctt3fgpfx · Cited by 115
Women and politics in the Third World
Randall, V. (1997) · International Affairs · doi:10.2307/2624297 · Cited by 105
The deepening darkness: patriarchy, resistance, and democracy's future
(2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-7074 · Cited by 91
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Anwar , Zainah 2009 ‘Zainah Anwar on Islam and Muslim Feminism’ http://www.ummid.com/news/October/17.10.2009/zainah_anwer_on_islam.htm · DOI
- Mir-Hosseini, 2010b, Anthropology of Iran, 180
- Mir-Hosseini, 2009a, Wanted: Equality and Justice in the Muslim Family
- Mir-Hosseini, 2009c, ‘In Search of Equality: from London to Kuala Lumpur’, The Middle East in London, 6, 3
- Mir-Hosseini, 2007, Voices of Islam, Voices of Diversity and Change, Vol 5, 85
- Mir-Hosseini, 2002, Civil Society in Comparative Muslim Contexts, 95
Cited by
Muslim women and domestic violence: Developing a framework for social work practice
Ghafournia, N. (2017) · Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work Social Thought · doi:10.1080/15426432.2017.1313150 · Cited by 72
“…due to women’s demand for gender equality and anticolonialist and nationalist movements in Muslim countries in the first part of the 20th century (Mir Hosseini, 2011, p. 67), when feminism “functioned to morally justify the attacks on native (Muslim) societies and to support the notion of the…”
BackgroundInfluentialWomen and Gender in Iraq: Between Nation-Building and Fragmentation
Ali, Z. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108120517 · Cited by 64
Rezai-Rashti, G. M. (2015) · Gender and Education · doi:10.1080/09540253.2015.1045457 · Cited by 48
“For an in-depth discussion of this topic, see Moghadam (2002), also see Mir-Hosseini (2011) and Kian (1997).”
BackgroundRabaan, H., Young, A. L., & Dombrowski, L. S. (2021) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3432923 · Cited by 40
The Challenges of Islamic Feminism
Mir-Hosseini, Z. (2019) · Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research · doi:10.13060/25706578.2019.20.2.486 · Cited by 26
“2 There is extensive literature on this; see in particular Hoodfar 1997, 2003; Scott 2007; Mir-Hosseini 2011b | 112 | ESEJ / ESSAY But as the twentieth century ended, this choice began to dissolve.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Mir-Hosseini, Z.
- Venue
- IDS Bulletin
- Publisher
- Institute of Development Studies
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 67-77
- ISSN
- 0265-5012 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2100452096
- Semantic Scholar
- 364152742a5c8da8cf6fffb3c3e77b49ce25d5d9
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 15.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- opendocs.ids.ac.uk
- Locations
- IDS Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- OpenDocs (Institute of Development Studies) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Multiculturalism, Politics, Migration, Gender
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Islamic Studies and History
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Feminism, Gender, and Intersectionality
- Keywords
- Islamic feminism, conceptual analysis, women's activism, women's agency, war on terror, political Islam, secular feminism, gender justice, feminist scholarship
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Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
