Controlled release of LHRH agonist, leuprolide acetate, from microcapsules: serum drug level profiles and pharmacological effects in animals
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic behaviour of leuprolide acetate from a controlled release parenteral dosage form has been studied in rats and dogs. The release of the drug in rats after a single subcutaneous injection exhibited pseudo-zero-order kinetics for one month in doses ranging from 0.0135 to 1.35 mg/rat; the release rate at a dose of 1.35 mg/rat was 2.8% of dose/day; after intramuscular injection the response was similar. In rats, the serum leuprolide acetate levels increased sharply immediately after injection by either route as a consequence of the initial release of the drug; subsequently, the levels attained a plateau for two weeks. The serum level profiles in dogs showed essentially the same pattern as those in rats. When the dosage form was injected into rats, the serum testosterone level (a pharmacological index) sharply peaked, abruptly decreased to below the normal level, and then was sustained at a suppressed level for over six weeks at a dose of 1.35 mg/rat (equivalent to 3 mg kg-1) and higher, while the serum testosterone level after an injection of 0.0135 and 0.135 mg/rat was not sufficiently suppressed. The profiles in dogs showed essentially the same pattern as those in rats. With multiple administrations (once every 4 weeks), serum testosterone levels in dogs did not show any sharp rise after the second and third injections. Changes in rat reproductive organ weights agreed well with the serum testosterone profile in the suppression. The results demonstrate that th…
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Leuprolide treatment reduced testosterone levels.
“Consistent with previous findings (26), we found that leuprolide treatment reduced testosterone levels.”
From Puberty Blocker, Leuprolide, Reduces Sex Differences in Rough-and-Tumble Play and Anxiety-like Behavior in Juvenile Rats (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
Cites
Ogawa, Y., Yamamoto, M., Okada, H., Yashiki, T., & Shimamoto, T. (1988) · Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/cpb.36.1095 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Self-citationBrady, J. M., Cutright, D. E., Miller, R. A., Battistone, G. C., & Hunsuck, E. E. (1973) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/jbm.820070204 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Sanders, L. M., Kent, J. S., McRae, G. I., VICKERY, B. H., Tice, T. R., & Lewis, D. H. (1984) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.2600730927 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Ogawa, Y., Yamamoto, M., Takada, S., Okada, H., & Shimamoto, T. (1988) · Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/cpb.36.1502 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Self-citationOgawa, Y., Okada, H., YAMAMOTO, Y., & Shimamoto, T. (1988) · Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/cpb.36.2576 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citationOkada, H., Heya, T., Ogawa, Y., & Shimamoto, T. (1988) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)24466-4 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationControlled delivery of an LHRH analogue from biodegradable injectable microspheres
Sanders, L. M., McRae, G. I., Vitale, K. M., & Kell, B. A. (1985) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/0168-3659(85)90044-6 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Johnson, E. S., Gendrich, R. L., & White, W. F. (1976) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)41963-1 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Yamazaki, I., & Okada, H. (1980) · Endocrinologia Japonica · doi:10.1507/endocrj1954.27.593 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationBiopolymeric controlled release systems
Wise, D. L. (1984) · CRC Press eBooks · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Leuprolide: A Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog for the Palliative Treatment of Prostatic Cancer
Wojciechowski, N. J., Carter, C. A., Skoutakis, V. A., Bess, D. T., Falbe, W. J., & Mickle, T. R. (1986) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1177/106002808602001001 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Principles of encapsulating hydrophobic drugs in PLA/PLGA microparticles
Wischke, C., & Schwendeman, S. P. (2008) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.04.042 · Cited by 791 · see citing works
Stabilization of proteins encapsulated in injectable poly (lactide- co-glycolide)
Zhu, G., Mallery, S. R., & Schwendeman, S. P. (2000) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/71916 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Jalil, R., & Nixon, J. R. (1990) · Journal of Microencapsulation · doi:10.3109/02652049009021842 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
One- and three-month release injectable microspheres of the LH-RH superagonist leuprorelin acetate
Okada, H. (1997) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0169-409x(97)00050-1 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Self-citationPolymer conjugates with anticancer activity
Putnam, D. A., & Kopec̆ek, J. (1995) · Advances in polymer science · doi:10.1007/3540587888_14 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Cun, D., Jensen, D. K., Maltesen, M. J., Bunker, M., Whiteside, P. T., Scurr, D. J., Foged, C., & Nielsen, H. M. (2010) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.11.008 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Recent Advances in the Stabilization of Proteins Encapsulated in Injectable PLGA Delivery Systems
Schwendeman, S. P. (2002) · Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems · doi:10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.v19.i1.20 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Okada, H., Doken, Y., Ogawa, Y., & Toguchi, H. (1994) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1018936815654 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Self-citationDesign of an inhalable dry powder formulation of DOTAP-modified PLGA nanoparticles loaded with siRNA
Jensen, D. K., Jensen, L., Koocheki, S., Bengtson, L., Cun, D., Nielsen, H. M., & Foged, C. (2011) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.08.011 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Gaspar, M. M., Blanco, D., Cruz, M. E. M., & Alonso, M. J. (1998) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/s0168-3659(97)00196-x · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Depot Leuprorelin
Periti, P., Mazzei, T., & Mini, E. (2002) · Clinical Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.2165/00003088-200241070-00003 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Jiang, G. (2002) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/s0168-3659(01)00533-8 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Biodegradable polymers and their potential use in parenteral veterinary drug delivery systems
Winzenburg, G., Schmidt, C., Fuchs, S., & Kissel, T. (2004) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2004.02.008 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Castellanos, I. (2003) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/s0168-3659(02)00488-1 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Drug delivery using biodegradable microspheres
Okada, H., Masaki, Y., Heya, T., Inoue, Y., Shigeru, K., Ogawa, Y., & Toguchi, H. (1994) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/0168-3659(94)90159-7 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationPharmacokinetics of Once-a-Month Injectable Microspheres of Leuprolide Acetate
Okada, H., Inoue, Y., Heya, T., Ueno, H., Ogawa, Y., & Toguchi, H. (1991) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1015818504906 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationPulsed Controlled-Release System for Potential Use in Vaccine Delivery
Sánchez, A., Rk, G., Alonso, M. J., Siber, G. R., & Langer, R. (1996) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1021/js960069y · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Ali, H., Kalashnikova, I. V., White, M. A., Sherman, M. B., & Rytting, E. (2013) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.010 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Woo, B. H., Kostanski, J. W., Gebrekidan, S., Dani, B. A., Thanoo, B. C., & DeLuca, P. P. (2001) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/s0168-3659(01)00403-5 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Mittal, A., Raber, A. S., Schaefer, U. F., Weissmann, S. F., Ebensen, T., Schulze, K., Guzmán, C. A., Lehr, C., & Hansen, S. (2013) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.12.048 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
(D) Routes of delivery: Case studies
Cullander, C., & Guy, R. H. (1992) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/0169-409x(92)90006-c · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Hirota, K., Doty, A. C., Ackermann, R., Zhou, J., Olsen, K. F., Feng, M. R., Wang, Y., Choi, S. H., Qu, W., Schwendeman, A. S., et al. (2016) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.08.023 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
New strategies for the microencapsulation of tetanus vaccine
Schwendeman, S. P., Tobío, M. T. B., Joworowicz, M., Alonso, M. J., & Langer, R. (1998) · Journal of Microencapsulation · doi:10.3109/02652049809006859 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Ogawa, T., Dobrinski, I., Avarbock, M. R., & Brinster, R. L. (1998) · Tissue and Cell · doi:10.1016/s0040-8166(98)80039-6 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
An Extensive Genetic Program Occurring during Postnatal Growth in Multiple Tissues
Finkielstain, G. P., Forcinito, P., Lui, J. C. K., Barnes, K. M., Marino, R., Makaroun, S., Nguyen, V. P., Lazarus, J. E., Nilsson, O., & Baron, J. (2008) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2008-0868 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Abulateefeh, S. R. (2022) · Drug Delivery and Translational Research · doi:10.1007/s13346-022-01228-0 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Sah, H., Toddywala, R., & Chien, Y. W. (1995) · Journal of Microencapsulation · doi:10.3109/02652049509051127 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Okada, H., Heya, T., Ogawa, Y., Toguchi, H., & Shimamoto, T. (1991) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1015844421319 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationHeya, T., Okada, H., Tanigawara, Y., Ogawa, Y., & Toguchi, H. (1991) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/0378-5173(91)90088-6 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationBerkland, C. J., Pollauf, E. J., Raman, C., Silverman, R., Kim, K., & Pack, D. W. (2007) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.20948 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Furra, B. J. A., & Hutchinsonb, F. G. (1992) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/0168-3659(92)90013-h · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Novel approaches in microparticulate PLGA delivery systems encapsulating proteins
Taluja, A., Youn, Y. S., & Bae, Y. H. (2007) · Journal of Materials Chemistry · doi:10.1039/b706939a · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Catch-Up Growth after Hypothyroidism Is Caused by Delayed Growth Plate Senescence
Marino, R., Hegde, A. A., Barnes, K. M., Schrier, L., Emons, J. A. M., Nilsson, O., & Baron, J. (2008) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2007-0993 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Determination of water‐soluble acid distribution in poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide)
Ding, A. G., & Schwendeman, S. P. (2003) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.10524 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Heya, T., Okada, H., Ogawa, Y., & Toguchi, H. (1994) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.2600830508 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationChrisp, P., & Sorkin, E. M. (1991) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-199101060-00008 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
In Vitro Evaluation of Sustained Drug Release from Biodegradable Elastomer
Wada, R., Hyon, S., Nakamura, T., & Ikada, Y. (1991) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1015860030772 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Biodegradable Polymeric Assemblies for Biomedical Materials
Ohya, Y., Takahashi, A., & Nagahama, K. (2011) · Advances in polymer science · doi:10.1007/12_2011_160 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Okada, H., Doken, Y., Ogawa, Y., & Toguchi, H. (1994) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1018905403359 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationGraves, R. A., Pamujula, S., Moiseyev, R., Freeman, T., Bostanian, L. A., & Mandal, T. K. (2003) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.10.019 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Dobrinski, I., Ogawa, T., Avarbock, M. R., & Brinster, R. L. (2001) · Tissue and Cell · doi:10.1054/tice.2001.0177 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Tunn, U. W., Bargelloni, U., Cosciani, S., Fiaccavento, G., Guazzieri, S., & Pagano, F. C. (1998) · Urologia Internationalis · doi:10.1159/000056540 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid) and Poly (Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Polymers in Sustained Drug Delivery
Jalil, R. (1990) · Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy · doi:10.3109/03639049009058535 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Thrombin-Sensitive Peptide Linkers for Biological Signal-Responsive Drug Release Systems
Tanihara, M., Suzuki, Y., Nishimura, Y., Suzuki, K., & Kakimaru, Y. (1998) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(97)00420-8 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Porous biodegradable microparticles for delivery of pentamidine
Mandal, T. K., Bostanian, L. A., Graves, R. A., Chapman, S. R., & Idodo, T. U. (2001) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/s0939-6411(01)00150-3 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Kinetics of diffusion-mediated drug release enhanced by matrix degradation
Wada, R., Hyon, S., & Ikada, Y. (1995) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/0168-3659(95)00075-j · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Blanco-PrÃeto, M. (1999) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/s0378-5173(99)00118-0 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Response of Broiler Breeder Hens to Forced Molting by Hormonal and Dietary Manipulations
Attia, Y. A., Burke, W. H., & Yamani, K. A. O. (1994) · Poultry Science · doi:10.3382/ps.0730245 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Otsuka, M., Nakahigashi, Y., Matsuda, Y., Fox, J. L., Higuchi, W. I., & Sugiyama, Y. (1997) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/s0168-3659(96)01493-9 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Otsuka, M., Nakahigashi, Y., Matsuda, Y., Fox, J. L., Higuchi, W. I., & Sugiyama, Y. (1998) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/s0168-3659(97)00264-2 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
GnRH Agonists and Antagonists Stimulate Recovery of Fertility in Irradiated LBNF1 Rats
Meistrich, M. L., Wilson, G., Shuttlesworth, G. A., Huhtaniemi, I. T., & Reissmann, T. (2001) · Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1002/j.1939-4640.2001.tb02585.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Kolhar, P., & Mitragotri, S. (2012) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201102918 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Restoration of Spermatogenesis in Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)-Treated Rats by Hormone Suppression
Meistrich, M. L. (2003) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfg237 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Filicori, M., Flamigni, C., Cognigni, G. E., Dellai, P., Arnone, R., Falbo, A. I., & Capelli, M. (1993) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.77.1.8325935 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Sofikitis, N. (2003) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmg015 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Bio‐Interface of Conducting Polymer‐Based Materials for Neuroregeneration
Weng, B., Diao, J., Xu, Q. J., Liu, Y., Li, C. M., Ding, A., & Chen, J. (2015) · Advanced Materials Interfaces · doi:10.1002/admi.201500059 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Slager, J., & Domb, A. J. (2004) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2004.04.017 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Growth-inhibiting conditions slow growth plate senescence
Forcinito, P., Andrade, A. C., Finkielstain, G. P., Baron, J., Nilsson, O., & Lui, J. C. K. (2010) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe-10-0302 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Okada, H., Doken, Y., & Ogawa, Y. (1996) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1021/js960123a · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationOgawa, Y. (1997) · Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition · doi:10.1163/156856297x00173 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationHu, Q., van Gaal, E. V. B., Brundel, P., Ippel, H., Hackeng, T. M., Rijcken, C. J. F., Storm, G., Hennink, W. E., & Prakash, J. (2015) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.023 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Dexamethasone loaded PLGA nanoparticles for potential local treatment of oral precancerous lesions
Rençber, S., Köse, F. A., & Karavana, S. Y. (2019) · Pharmaceutical Development and Technology · doi:10.1080/10837450.2019.1673407 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Inaba, T., Tani, H., Gonda, M., Nakagawa, A., Ohmura, M., Mori, J., Torii, R., Tamada, H., & Sawada, T. (1998) · Theriogenology · doi:10.1016/s0093-691x(98)00046-6 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Li, J., Liu, N., Huang, Z., Wang, W., Hou, D., & Wang, W. (2021) · Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research · doi:10.1186/s13018-021-02777-9 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Labhasetwar, V. D., Underwood, T., Gallagher, M. A., Murphy, G., Langberg, J. J., & Levy, R. J. (1994) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.2600830209 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Doty, A. C., Hirota, K., Olsen, K. F., Sakamoto, N., Ackermann, R., Feng, M. R., Wang, Y., Choi, S. H., Qu, W., Schwendeman, A. A., et al. (2016) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.041 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Pharmaceutical Manipulation of Leuprorelin Acetate to Improve Clinicai Performance
Toguchi, H. (1990) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/03000605900180s107 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Heya, T., Toguchi, H., Mikura, Y., Nagai, A., Miura, Y., Futo, T., Tomida, Y., & Shimizu, H. (1994) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.2600830608 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationBurke, W. H., & Attia, Y. A. (1994) · Poultry Science · doi:10.3382/ps.0731226 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Chronic (60-Week) Toxicity Study of DUROS Leuprolide Implants in Dogs
Cukierski, M. J., Johnson, P. A., & Beck, J. C. (2001) · International Journal of Toxicology · doi:10.1080/109158101753333659 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Manabe, F., Takeshima, H., & Akaza, H. (1997) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19970301)79:5 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Sub-unit vaccine against S. aureus-mediated infections: Set-up of nano-sized polymeric adjuvant
Colonna, C., Dorati, R., Conti, B., Caliceti, P., & Genta, I. (2013) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.037 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ohmura, M., Ogawa, T., Ono, M., Dezawa, M., Hosaka, M., Kubota, Y., & Sawada, H. (2003) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.102.013276 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Vergneau‐Grosset, C., Peters, S., Péron, F., Figuéra, J., & Navarro, C. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Yin, J., Noda, Y., & Yotsuyanagi, T. (2006) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.01.047 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ueno, H., & Matsuo, S. (1991) · Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications · doi:10.1016/0378-4347(91)80110-x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Rao, L., Cleveland, R. P., Kimmel, R., & Ataya, K. M. (1996) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/icb.1996.18 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Endo, F., Manabe, F., Takeshima, H., & Akaza, H. (2003) · International Journal of Urology · doi:10.1046/j.1442-2042.2003.00572.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Design and Therapeutic Potential of Peptides
Dutta, A. S. (1991) · Advances in Drug Research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-013321-5.50008-4 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Inaba, T., Umehara, T., Mori, J., Torii, R., Tamada, H., & Sawada, T. (1996) · Theriogenology · doi:10.1016/0093-691x(96)00218-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Degradable Polymeric Carriers for Parenteral Controlled Drug Delivery
Wischke, C., & Schwendeman, S. P. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0881-9_8 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Jain, S., Gupta, Y., Ramalingam, L., Jain, A., Jain, A., Khare, P., & Bhargava, D. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Berger, H., Heinrich, N., Albrecht, E., Kertscher, U., Oehlke, J., Bienert, M., Schäfer, H., Baeger, I., & MEHLIS, B. (1991) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/0167-0115(91)90232-6 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Said, M. M., Hokaiwado, N., Tang, M., Ogawa, K., Suzuki, S., Ghanem, H., Esmat, A. Y., Asamoto, M., Refaie, F. M., & Shirai, T. (2006) · Cancer Science · doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00213.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
PEGylated leuprolide with improved pharmacokinetic properties
Fu, M., Zhuang, X., Zhang, T., Guan, Y., Meng, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2020) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115306 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Encapsulation of Indomethacin Using Coaxial Ultrasonic Atomization Followed by Solvent Evaporation
Graves, R. A., Poole, D., Moiseyev, R., Bostanian, L. A., & Mandal, T. K. (2008) · Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy · doi:10.1080/03639040701662636 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
RAO, L. V., Cleveland, R. P., & Ataya, K. M. (1993) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1993.tb00596.x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Matsubara, K., Irie, T., & Uekama, K. (1994) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/0168-3659(94)00030-1 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Salt Formation of Lactic Acid Oligomers as Matrix for Sustained Release of Drugs
Wada, R., Hyon, S., & Ikada, Y. (1991) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1991.tb03547.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Hashimoto, T., Wada, T., Fukuda, N., & Nagaoka, A. (1993) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1993.tb03690.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Guarraci, F. A., Avendano, L., Kelly, M., Estoesta, C., Sencherey, B., Valdivia, H. S., Gale, A., Yepez, L., Belfield, J. B., Carter, K. M., et al. (2023) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-022-00485-5 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Biodegradable polymeric materials
Ohya, Y., & Nagahama, K. (2008) · Drug Delivery System · doi:10.2745/dds.23.618 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Sakakibara, H., Taga, M., Ikeda, M., Kurogi, K., & MINAGUCHI, H. (1996) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.43.115 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
RAO, L. V., Cleveland, R. P., Kimmel, R., & Ataya, K. M. (1995) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1995.tb00950.x · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Rao, L. V., Cleveland, R. P., & Ataya, K. M. (1993) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/0165-0378(93)90056-n · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Sudo, K., Shiota, K., Masaki, T., & Fujita, T. (1991) · Endocrinologia Japonica · doi:10.1507/endocrj1954.38.39 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Saruki, K., Sekihara, T., Mashimo, M., Matsuo, H., & Sekiguchi, H. (1998) · The Prostate · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0045(19980215)34:3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Yang, J., Song, Q., Gao, S., Gao, Y., Shang, X., Li, G., Sun, Y., & Luo, X. (2022) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2022/1043293 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Controlled and/or prolonged parental delivery of peptides from the hypothalmic pituitary axis
Rothen-Weinhold, A., & Gurny, R. (1997) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/s0939-6411(96)00030-6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Drug delivery using biodegradable microspheres
Okada, H., Yamamoto, M., Heya, T., Inoue, Y., Kamei, S., Ogawa, Y., & Toguchi, H. (1994) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-82027-3.50016-x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Ogawa, Y., Okada, H., Heya, T., & Shimamoto, T.
- Affiliations
- Takeda (Japan) (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Ogawa, Yasuaki
- Venue
- Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1989-07-01
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 439-444
- ISSN
- 0022-3573 (ISSN-L)
- 2042-7158
- OpenAlex
- W2019022309
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 13.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Keywords
- leuprolide, GnRH agonist, controlled release, microcapsules, parenteral dosage forms, pharmacokinetics, serum drug concentration, testosterone suppression, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, reproductive organ weight
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, Body Weight, Capsules, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Delayed-Action Preparations, Dogs, Drug Compounding, Genitalia, Male, Injections, Intramuscular, Injections, Subcutaneous, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Male, Organ Size, Rats, Inbred Strains, Species Specificity, Testosterone, Time Factors, Leuprolide, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
