The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Occupational stress among senior police officers.
Abstract
From a survey of over 500 senior UK police officers completing the occupational stress inventory, it was observed that those serving in England and Wales exhibited the highest job stress related to structure and climate, co-worker relationships and their managerial role. There were no inter-regional differences on the individual difference variables, Type A behaviour, locus of control, or on physical health measures. Superintendents in Scotland used coping methods least frequently including domestic/home support, time management and social support, the latter strategy being most used by Northern Ireland officers. Findings relating job stress to job satisfaction were inconsistent with other police populations. Results are discussed in the context of organizational reform in the police service.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“These results are in line with other studies, such as the research by Lipp et al. (2017), who found that 52% of their sample felt stressed, and the study by Brown and Cooper (1996), who also found high stress levels.”
From Burnout and Stress Measurement in Police Officers: Literature Review and a Study With the Operational Police Stress Questionnaire (2020) · cites this paper as Brown and Cooper, 1996
Citations
Cites
Reiner, R. (2010) · doi:10.1093/he/9780199283392.001.0001 · Cited by 1,886
COOPER, C. L., & MARSHALL, J. (1976) · Journal of Occupational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1976.tb00325.x · Cited by 1,201
Self-citationThe validity of the occupational stress indicator
Robertson, I. T., Cooper, C. L., Williams, J., & Williams, J. (1990) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678379008256962 · Cited by 160
Self-citationAn evaluation of the Job Characteristics Model
Wall, T. D., Clegg, C., & Jackson, P. R. (1978) · Journal of Occupational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1978.tb00413.x · Cited by 120
Reactions to physically dangerous work: A conceptual and empirical analysis
Jermier, J. M., Gaines, J., & McIntosh, N. J. (1989) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.4030100103 · Cited by 116
Inside the RUC: routine policing in a divided society
(1991) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-1804 · Cited by 109
Cooper, C. L., Davidson, M. J., & Robinson, P. H. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 83
Self-citationHingley, P. D. (1986) · Cited by 79
A study of methods used by scottish police officers to cope with work‐induced stress
Alexander, D. A., & Walker, L. (1994) · Stress Medicine · doi:10.1002/smi.2460100210 · Cited by 63
Cross-cultural differences in occupational stress among British and German managers
Kirkcaldy, B. D., & Cooper, C. L. (1992) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678379208260352 · Cited by 48
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–137 of 137
Bad Lady Cops: Explaining Sex Differences in Police Officer Misconduct
Gaub, J. E. (2015) · Cited by 2
The Relationship Between Education and Police Stress: Bachelor's Degree Versus High School
Gatson, C. S. (2002) · Cited by 2
Work-related well-being among police members in the North West Province
Jorgensen, L. I. (2006) · Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University) · Cited by 2
A Study on South Korea’s Public Confidence Regarding Its Police Authority
Pak, J., & Lee, J. (2016) · Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Management Studies · doi:10.20448/journal.500/2016.3.4/500.4.272.279 · Cited by 1
Hamby, T. (2015) · UTA ResearchCommons (University of Texas Arlington) · Cited by 1
Maharee-Lawler, S. (2012) · Cited by 1
Some hidden truths about workplace environment
Rizwan, M. S., Khan, D. J., Saboor, F., Mir, I., Riaz, N., Gillani, S. U. A., & Azhar, S. (2013) · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT · doi:10.5897/ajbm11.2787 · Cited by 1
Mann, K. (2006) · Cited by 1
The State of Job Burnout Symptoms and the Difference among Police: an Empirical Research
Gong, Z., Yu, H., Wang, S., & Zhao, Z. (2018) · International Conference on Politics, Economics and Law (ICPEL) · doi:10.2991/icpel-18.2018.7 · Cited by 1
Deschênes, A.-A. (2021) · Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal · doi:10.14738/assrj.88.10706 · Cited by 2
Analysis of Demographic Variables and Levels of Stress in Law Enforcement Officers
Jansen, K. M. (2004) · Cited by 1
Coping, stress and suicide ideation in the South African Police Service in Kwazulu-Natal
Strauss, L. C. (2003) · Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University) · Cited by 1
Clifton, S. (2020) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) · Cited by 1
Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction of Repatriated Managers
Duoto, M. (2002) · doi:10.22371/05.2002.011 · Cited by 1
Discourses of workplace violence : painting a picture of the South African Police Service
Schiff, K.-G. (2010) · Unisa Institutional Repository (University of South Africa)
Bilich, L. L. (2009) · Research Online (University of Wollongong)
Chang, S., Gopu, J., Girija, T., Gervais, N., Tehulu, T. A., Krishna, B. M., Rakesh, K., Kumari, S., Nagra, G., Verma, R., et al. (2012)
Jibril, A., Muniyandi, B., Chanchu, T. C., Geetha, K. T., Kulkarni, K. S., Subhas, M. S., Kumar, K. P., Madishetti, S., Rwechungura, K. A., Purohit, S., et al. (2013)
Brady, P. Q. (2012) · Scholar Works (Boise State University)
Keep Calm and Carry On: An International Comparison of Stress in Law Enforcement
Buckman, H., & Zelechoski, A. D. (2013) · ValpoScholar (Valparaiso University)
The police organization, stress, and the intersection of gender, race and sexual orientation
Fischer, M. A. (2013) · Michigan State University Libraries · doi:10.25335/m58f35
Adaptation to organizational change
Farrell, S. (2009) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0091771
Siu, O. L., Spector, P. E., & Cooper, C. L. (1999) · Digital Commons - Lingnan (Lingnan University)
Self-citationEXPLORING THE MEANING OF TRAUMA IN THE
Young, M. (2004)
Introduction: A Basis for Policing and Inclusion
Workman-Stark, A. L. (2017) · Advanced sciences and technologies for security applications · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53309-4_1
PROTOCOL: Stress Management Training and Development Programs for Police Officers and Recruits
Patterson, G. T., & Chung, I. W. (2010) · Campbell Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/cl2.67
Atkinson, C., & Earnshaw, P. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429020896-12
Rus, C. L., & Lazăr, A.-M. (2020) · Psihologia Resurselor Umane · doi:10.24837/pru.v9i1.392
Needs, A., & Towl, G. (2004) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470693971.refs
To Study the Stress Management of Women Police in Pune Urban Area
Patole, N., Bora, S., Goudar, M. D., & Malge, A. (2022) · Design science and innovation · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-7361-0_6
Didi, I. H. (2023) · International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) · doi:10.21275/sr231003150941
Cohn, J. R. (2022) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc1985320
Zhou, S., Li, M., Chen, S., Jiang, D., Qu, Y., & Xu, X. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26721762
Zhou, S., Li, M., Chen, S., Jiang, D., Qu, Y., & Xu, X. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26721765
Deschênes, A.-A., Gendron, A., Marin, M., Émeriau-Farges, C., & Lapointe, F. (2026) · Revue québécoise de psychologie · doi:10.7202/1126764ar
Metadata
- Authors
- Brown, J., Cooper, C., & Kirkcaldy, B.
- Affiliations
- Hampshire Constabulary (GB)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Ruhr University Bochum (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, Jennifer
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1996-02
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-41
- ISSN
- 0007-1269 (ISSN-L)
- 2044-8295
- OpenAlex
- W2086563387
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 5.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- British Journal of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policing Practices and Perceptions
- Keywords
- occupational stress, senior police officers, police superintendents, organizational climate, coworker relationships, managerial roles, Type A behavior pattern, locus of control, coping strategies, social support, job satisfaction, regional variation
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Burnout, Professional, Career Mobility, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Social Support, Stress, Psychological, Organizational Culture, Police
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
