Cited by 623Intramuscular injections and effectsDental Anxiety and Anesthesia TechniquesPediatric Pain Management Techniques

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The fear of needles: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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McLenon, Jennifer, Rogers, Mary A.M.·2019·Journal of Advanced Nursing

DOI 10.1111/jan.13818

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Abstract

AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of needle fear and summarize the characteristics of individuals who exhibit this fear. BACKGROUND: Injections are among the most common medical procedures, yet fear of needles can result in avoidance of preventive measures and treatment. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (1966-2017), Embase (1947-2017), PsycINFO (1967-2017), and CINAHL (1961-2017) were searched, with no restrictions by age, gender, race, language, or country. REVIEW METHODS: The prevalence of needle fear was calculated and restricted maximum likelihood random effects models were used for meta-analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS: The search yielded 119 original research articles which are included in this review, of which 35 contained sufficient information for meta-analysis. The majority of children exhibited needle fear, while prevalence estimates for needle fear ranged from 20-50% in adolescents and 20-30% in young adults. In general, needle fear decreased with increasing age. Both needle fear and needle phobia were more prevalent in females than males. Avoidance of influenza vaccination because of needle fear occurred in 16% of adult patients, 27% of hospital employees, 18% of workers at long-term care facilities, and 8% of healthcare workers at hospitals. Needle fear was common when undergoing venipuncture, blood donation, and in those with chronic conditions requiring injection. CONCLUSIONS: Fear of needles is common in patients requiring preventive care and in those undergoing treatment. Greater attention should be directed to interventions which alleviate fear in high-risk groups.

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Authors: McLenon, J., & Rogers, M. A. M.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author: Rogers, Mary A.M.
ORCID: McLenon, Jennifer
Rogers, Mary A.M.
Venue: Journal of Advanced Nursing
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2018-09-11
Volume: 75
Issue: 1
Pages: 30-42
ISSN: 0309-2402 (ISSN-L)
1365-2648
DOI: 10.1111/jan.13818
OpenAlex: W2886039652
Cited by: 623
References: 145
Citations by year: 2026: 87 · 2025: 121 · 2024: 96 · 2023: 102 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 17
FWCI: 8.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Advanced Nursing (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Intramuscular injections and effects
Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Dental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
Keywords: needle fear, needle phobia, prevalence, children, adolescents, young adults, sex differences, venipuncture, blood donation, healthcare workers, long-term care workers, age differences
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Fear, Female, Humans, Injections, Male, Middle Aged, Needles, Phobic Disorders, Sex Factors, Incidence, Young Adult

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The fear of needles: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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