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Cited by 30Gestational Diabetes Research and ManagementAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesPregnancy and preeclampsia studies

Plasma cytokines during pregnancy provide insight into the risk of diabetes in the gestational diabetes risk group

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Tagoma, Aili, Haller‐Kikkatalo, Kadri, Oras, Astrid, Roos, Kristine, Kirss, Anne, Uibo, Raivo·2022·Journal of Diabetes Investigation
DOI 10.1111/jdi.13828PMC PMC9434577
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Abstract

Aims/Introduction: Gestational diabetes (GDM) is characterized by low‐grade systemic inflammation, which manifests as changes in the levels of cytokines in the blood. We aimed to investigate plasma immune mediators during gestational weeks 23–28 in 213 women at risk for GDM, and to find associations between GDM and its complications. Materials and Methods: We quantified the levels of adipokines: adiponectin, leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 and resistin; chemokines: C‐C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL4, C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) and CXCL10; and cytokines: granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, interferon‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐1β, soluble (s)IL‐1RI, IL‐2, sIL‐2Ra, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐7, IL‐10, IL‐12(p70), IL‐13, IL‐15, IL‐17A, IL‐17F, IL‐21, IL‐22, IL‐23, IL‐27, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, TGF‐β2, TGF‐β3, tumor necrosis factor‐α and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 using the Milliplex®MAP Magnetic Bead assay on Luminex®200™, and compared the results with clinical data from pregnancy and post‐partum follow up. Results: Lower levels of adiponectin and higher levels of CCL2 (Wilcoxon test, P = 3.4E‐03 and P = 0.03, respectively) were found in women with GDM. IL‐27 levels were associated with lower odds of GDM (adjusted logistic regression 0.90, P = 2.4E‐03), and showed a risk association with glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody positivity (adjusted odds ratio 1.13, P = 2.8E‐03). Similarly, higher IL‐22 levels increased the odds of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody positivity (adjusted odds ratio 4.23, P = 0.04). TGF‐β1 was associated with post‐partum fasting glucose levels, and CCL4 with post‐partum C‐peptide levels (linear regression, P = 0.04 and P = 0.01, respectively). Women who developed pregnancy complications had higher levels of CXCL10 and CCL4 (linear regression, P = 7.0E‐04 and P = 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: Plasma adiponectin and CCL2 concentrations distinguish women with GDM. IL‐27 and IL‐22 levels might select women with an autoimmune reaction, whereas increased TGF‐β1 and CCL4 are associated with post‐partum glucose and insulin metabolism.

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  • In Estonia, another study from November 2013 to March 2015 estimated GDM prevalence at 28.1%.

    “Another study showed results from between November 2013 and March 2015, the GDM prevalence was estimated at 28.1% [197].”

    From Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century (2022) · cites this paper as [197]

    The Study population section (page unavailable) reports that 60 of 213 women recruited in Estonia between November 2013 and March 2015 had GDM—approximately 28.2%, close to the cited 28.1%. But every participant belonged to a GDM risk group, so this is not an estimate of GDM prevalence among pregnant women in Estonia generally. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • In Estonia, actual criteria for GDM diagnosis were established in 2011, when Estonian Gynecologists' Society approved new guidelines based on IADPSG recommendations; 75 g OGTT is performed in pregnant women with risk of GDM.

    “The actual criteria for a GDM diagnosis in Estonia were established in 2011. That year, the Estonian Gynecologists’ Society approved new guidelines based on the IADPSG recommendations. Estonians perform a 75 g OGTT test in pregnant women with a risk of GDM.”

    From Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century (2022) · cites this paper as [197]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Tagoma, A., Haller‐Kikkatalo, K., Oras, A., Roos, K., Kirss, A., & Uibo, R.
Affiliations
  • University of Tartu (EE)
  • Tartu University Hospital (EE)
Corresponding author
Tagoma, Aili
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Diabetes Investigation
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2022-05-24
Volume
13
Issue
9
Pages
1596-1606
ISSN
  • 2040-1116 (ISSN-L)
  • 2040-1124
DOI
10.1111/jdi.13828
PMC
PMC9434577
OpenAlex
W4229333221
Cited by
30
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5
FWCI
7.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Diabetes Investigation (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Eesti Teadusagentuur (IUT20‐43, PRG712)
  • European Regional Development Fund
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Keywords
gestational diabetes mellitus, plasma cytokines, systemic inflammation, adiponectin, IL-27, IL-22, TGF-β1, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, type 1 diabetes risk, MCP-1, chemokines, adipokines, IL-17A, IL-10
MeSH terms
Female, Glucose, Glutamate Decarboxylase, Humans, Ligands, Pregnancy, Cytokines, Diabetes, Gestational, Chemokines, Adiponectin, Transforming Growth Factor beta1, Interleukin-27

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