Cited by 716Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ResearchHealth Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life

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Minimal clinically important difference for change in 6‐minute walk test distance of adults with pathology: a systematic review

Bohannon, Richard W., Crouch, Rebecca·2017·Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice

DOI 10.1111/jep.12629

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Abstract

Rationale, aims, and objectives: The 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) is widely used as a test of functional exercise capacity. Several studies have reported the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the 6MWT; however, the findings of the studies have not been examined in the context of one another. In this review, we aimed to summarize available information on the MCID for the 6MWT performed by patients with pathology. Methods: Relevant literature was identified by searches of 3 electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health), examination of article reference lists, and consultation with an expert. Inclusion necessitated that articles (1) be original, full length, and peer reviewed, (2) report an MCID for the 6MWT, and (3) focus on adults with medical issues. Articles were excluded if the MCID was determined by a procedure other than receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Articles were abstracted for information on participants, interventions, 6MWT distance, and the determination of MCID. Quality was assessed using a hybrid 9‐item (0‐ to 18‐point) instrument. Results: Six articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The populations studied included people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, coronary artery disease, diffuse parenchymal lung disease, and non–cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and adults with fear of falling. Mean baseline 6MWT distances ranged from 295 to 551 m. The MCIDs for which the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was at least 0.70 ranged from 14.0 to 30.5 m. Conclusions: Based on our findings, a change of 14.0 to 30.5 m may be clinically important across multiple patient groups.

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Self-citation
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“(14, 15).”
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Background
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“The 6MWT is a commonly used measure of functional capacity that is easily administered and well tolerated among those being studied (Bohannon & Crouch, 2017; Galiano-Castillo et al., 2016; Kobayashi, Himuro, & Takahashi, 2017; Kubo et al., 2018; Uszko-Lencer et al., 2017; Vandecasteele et al.,…”
Method
Valutazione delle funzioni cardiorespiratorie: test sul campo
Burtin, P. (2020) · EMC - Medicina Riabilitativa · doi:10.1016/s1283-078x(20)43867-2
Evaluación de las funciones cardiorrespiratorias: pruebas sobre el terreno
Burtin, P. (2020) · EMC - Kinesiterapia - Medicina Física · doi:10.1016/s1293-2965(20)43994-5
The Pilot Study of Robot-Assisted Training for the Lower Extremity Rehabilitation of Burn Patients
Cho, Y. S., Noh, M. H., Joo, S. Y., & Seo, C. H. (2020) · Journal of Korean Burn Society · doi:10.47955/jkbs.20.0009
“치료 효과에 대한 평가는 훈련 전, 훈련 후 4주와 8주에 실시되었으며, 통증 숫자평가척도(numeric rating scale, NRS), 평지에서 6분 동안 보행한 거리를 측정한 6분 보행검 사[21], 고관절, 슬관절, 족관절의 굴곡 및 신전 운동범위가 보행보조 로봇치료 효과를 평가하기 위해 사용되었다.”
Time Dependent Effect of the Combination of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients
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Community-based exercise rehabilitation in a diverse chronic disease population
Skelly, F. (2021) · Dublin City University Open Access Institutional Repository (Dublin City University)
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Fell, B. (2021) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)
A Mixed-Appr Oach Program To Help Women W Ith Breast Cancer Stay Acti VE ( MOTIVE Program): A Pilot-Controlled StudyPreprint
Natalucci, V., Lucertini, F., Vallorani, L., Brandi, G., Marchegiani, M., Pistelli, M., Berardi, R., Ceravolo, M. G., Barbieri, E., & Capecci, M. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3873135
Translational Value of Exercise in Routine Care Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Retrospective AnalysisPreprint
Marvin, S. C., Ross, L. S., Yee, J., Kay, S., Lacey, J., & Edwards, K. M. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-824888/v1
Benefits of Concurrent Aerobic-Resistance Interval Exercise in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Aristizábal, C., Ortíz, O. H., Walsh, E. J., Leone, M., & Comtois, A. S. (2021) · International Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine · doi:10.23937/2469-5718/1510209
Effectiveness of Exergaming-based Interventions for Mobility Performance in Older Adults with Parkinson’s Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Preprint)Preprint
Zhang, J., Luximon, Y., & Wang, H. (2021) · doi:10.2196/preprints.35326
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Rausch, L. K., Puchner, B., Fuchshuber, J., Seebacher, B., Löffler‐Ragg, J., Pramsohler, S., Netzer, N. C., & Faulhaber, M. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1192916/v2
Chronic respiratory diseases and physical exercise
Zanetti, H. R., Lopes, L. T. P., Lourenço, C. L. M., & Roever, L. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-89843-0.00008-8
The Results of Post-Covid Rehabilitation in Pulmonary Care Patients
Witana-Hebda, K., & Pietrzykowska, J. (2022) · Regional Formation and Development Studies · doi:10.15181/rfds.v37i2.2439
The feasibility of exercise in low and high grade glioma patients during radiation with or without adjuvant chemotherapy
Ali, D. (2022) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.233465
Response to: Van Hoek et al. Letter to the Editor
Williamson, E. M., & Lamb, S. E. (2022) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glac160
Experience-based functional gains in gait and stability with torso-weighting in people with multiple sclerosis: Randomized pilot study
Allen, D. D., Burchuladze, S., Grady, G., Lee, M., Mindel, L., & Widener, G. L. (2022) · Physiotherapy Practice and Research · doi:10.3233/ppr-210620
“For adults with non-neurologic pathology, MCID ranges from 14–30.5 m [35], implying that improvements in walking distance after daily use of torso-weighting may be clinically important in the current sample.”
Influential
Effects of exercise in different phases after stroke
Sandberg, K. (2022) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/9789179295462
Predictors of 6-Minute Walk Distance Among Aging Adults With Chronic Cardiopulmonary, Metabolic, and Renal Diseases
Fritschi, C., Vuckovic, K. M., Bronas, U. G., Quinn, L., Kapella, M. C., Lockwood, M. B., Calik, M. W., Burke, L., Collins, E. G., & Fink, A. M. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology · doi:10.31189/2165-6193-11.4.140
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Li, K., Cui, C., Li, R., Jia, L., Yu, H., & Wang, X. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2321681/v1
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Bruyneel, A.-V., Gafner, S. C., & Reinmann, A. (2023) · Kinésithérapie la Revue · doi:10.1016/j.kine.2022.12.180
A retrospective evaluation of the Brain and Body Fitness Studio service on functional capacity and quality of life in people with neurological disorders
Ramos, J. S., Chakraborty, R., Dalleck, L. C., Sarunic, K., Khadka, J., Haslam, T., & Nassaris, O. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.1006221
Acute inpatient rehabilitation for COVID-19 survivors: A retrospective case series
Lijo, M., Hamilton, A., Russell, M. E., & Wren, N. (2023) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2023.2213773
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Management in Patient with Loculated Empyema, Pleural Effusion et causa Chylothorax on WSD, Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis and History of Drop-Out Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Case Report
Tambunan, T. F. U., Meilinda, A., Nasya Marisyka, P., Crisdayani, C. P., & Afta, A. A. (2023) · Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.36803/indojpmr.v12i01.333
Concurrent validity and reliability of new application for 6-min walk test in healthy adults
Mekritthikrai, N., Yuenyongchaiwat, K., & Thanawattano, C. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17854
“5 m could be clinically important in adults with pathology [18].”
Background
Effectiveness of a training program for a patient with non-cardiac chest pain that combines intervention to improve quality of life, psychological state, and functional capacity: a case report
Hüzmeli̇, İ., & Yıldız, A. (2023) · BioPsychoSocial Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13030-023-00283-4
“Our NCCP patient’s MCID was 113 m (from 517 to 630 m) [9].”
Background
Improvement in a post-stroke pediatric patient with hemiplegia: Use of a hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy with hybrid assistive limb
Matsumoto, Y., Yoshii, Y., Ikutomo, A., Yagi, M., Nishimura, M., Kawasaki, Y., Sarafian, A., Kim, H., Roye, D. P., & Matsumoto, H. (2023) · Brain and Development · doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2023.08.002
Functional Recovery of COVID-19 Patients Admitted to a Cardiopulmonary Inpatient Rehabilitation Unit
Steele, A. C., McKenna, H., & Teale, A. E. (2023) · COVID · doi:10.3390/covid3090091
xploration of the Physical Activity Guidelines for People with Multiple Sclerosis
Humphreys, L. J. (2022) · Sheffield Hallam University · doi:10.7190/shu-thesis-00537
การพฒนารปแบบการจดการศกษานอกสถานทเสมอนรวมกบกระบวนการสบสอบและแผนทแบบ 3 มตทางภมศาสตร เพอเสรมสรางการรเรองภมศาสตร สำหรบนกเรยนมธยมศกษาตอนปลาย
นาครักษา, ร., & คล้ายสังข์, จ. (2019) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2019.607
Identifying Accuracy-related Outliers in a 6-Minute Walk Test Application for Monitoring Cardiovascular Disease Patients
Moazen, G. E., Ziegl, A., Vinatzer, H., Rzepka, A., Wiesmüller, F., Hayn, D., & Schreier, G. (2023) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340451
Impact of a tailored exercise regimen on physical capacity, systemic oxidative stress and plasma proteomic profile in PCC patientsPreprint
Chowdhury, M. M. H., Fontaine, M.-N., Lord, S.-È., Quenum, A., Limoges, M.-A., Rioux‐Perreault, C., Lucier, J., Cliché, D. O., Lévesque, D., Boisvert, F., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3733202/v1
Minimal clinically important differences in six-minute walking distance in late-onset Pompe disease
Schoser, B. G. H., Kushlaf, H. A., Hummel, N., Shohet, S., Keyzor, I., Kopiec, A., Graham, R., Fox, B., & Claeys, K. G. (2024) · Molecular Genetics and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.108032
Exercise Intolerance in Long Covid After 24 Months From Severe Acute Disease: is There Room for Improvement?Preprint
Borges, F. F. D. R., Braga, A. C. B., Viana, B. S., Valente, J., Ferreira, J. M. B. B., Motta, T. J. P. S., Fernandes, E., Goulart, C. D. L., Val, F., & Arêas, G. P. T. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4003335/v1
Additional file 2 of Yoga is effective for treating chronic pain in veterans with Gulf War Illness at long-term follow-up
Allende, S., Mathersul, D. C., Schulz-Heik, J., Avery, T. J., Mahoney, L., & Bayley, P. J. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24136389
Effect of Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose on Functional Capacity, Fatigue, and Quality of Life in Elderly Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Not on Dialysis, Mild Anemia and Iron Deficiency. A Pilot StudyPreprint
Montesa, M. J. P., Todolí, J. C., Villota, J. N., Giménez-Civera, E., Gonzales, B., Montomoli, M., de la Espriella, R., Rico, M. G., Torregrosa, I., Peña, C. J., et al. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4187917/v1
Feasibility of a home-based exercise intervention for patients with systemic sclerosis
Alsing, P., Assmann, M. L., Kristensen, T. L., Næser, E. U., Søndergaard, K. H., de Thurah, A. L., & Mechlenburg, I. (2024) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2024.2377348
Effect of two different types of exercise volumes on exercise capacity, physical activity, and quality of life in subjects undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a pilot study
Fonseca, A. A., Hortúa, A. M. J., Ortiz-Patiño, A. J., Rueda, Z. R. R., Jaimes, C. J. V., Prada, E. T. P., & Delgado, J. C. S. (2024) · Physiotherapy Quarterly · doi:10.5114/pq/178246
“Another point to discuss is the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) of 25 m, evidenced in studies done in subjects with coronary artery disease who are undergoing 6 MWD [35, 36].”
Background
Physical activity based on daily steps in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: evolution and associated factors
Reynard, F., Vuistiner, P., Carré, J. L., Léger, B., & Lüthi, F. (2024) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-024-07766-7 · Cited by 2
“This test is a reliable and valid submaximal exercise test designed for adults with a disorder and chronic pain [33, 34].”
Examining the impact of outdoor walk group attendance on health among older adults with mobility limitations in the Getting Older Adults Outdoors (GO-OUT) randomized trialPreprint
Su, T.-T., Barclay, R., Moineddin, R., & Salbach, N. M. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.08.22.24312456
“Notably, our study revealed a mean difference of 52.7 meters in 6-328 minute walk test performance between the high and low attendance groups, which exceeds the established minimal clinically important difference of 30.5 meters for the test [45].”
BackgroundInfluential
Clinical Application and Research Progress of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Interstitial Lung Disease
刘, 颖. (2024) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2024.1492444
Effect of long-term rehabilitation on takotsubo syndrome-induced severe intensive care unit-acquired weakness: a case report
Shimizu, Y., Someya, R., Minamimoto, Y., Nemoto, A., & Nakamura, T. (2024) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.36.750
Photobiomodulation in the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis After Covid-19: A Prospective StudyPreprint
Pereira, P. C., de Lima, C. J., Villaverde, A. G. J. B., Fernandes, A. B., & Zângaro, R. A. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5483003/v1
Impact of comprehensive rehabilitation on functional capacity, fatigue, and quality of life among long-term COVID-19 survivors in resource limited settings - a randomized controlled trial
Sharma, D., & Vaish, H. (2024) · Revista Pesquisa em Fisioterapia · doi:10.17267/2238-2704rpf.2024.e5840
A scoping review of the effectiveness of underwater treadmill exercise in clinical trials of chronic pain
Miglietta, M., Maunder, L., Rooke, P., Gorchinsky, E., Keshavari, S., Douglas, G., & Held, N. J. (2025) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2024-0051
Flexibility, Resistance, Aerobic, Movement Execution (FRAME) training program to improve gait capacity in adults with Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia: protocol for a single-cohort feasibility trial
Boccuni, L., Bortolini, M., Stefan, C., Molin, V. D., Valle, G. D., & Martinuzzi, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1441512

Authors: Bohannon, R. W., & Crouch, R.
Affiliations: Campbell University (US)
Corresponding author: Crouch, Rebecca
ORCID: Bohannon, Richard W.
Venue: Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2016-09-04
Volume: 23
Issue: 2
Pages: 377-381
ISSN: 1356-1294 (ISSN-L)
1365-2753
DOI: 10.1111/jep.12629
OpenAlex: W2517085950
Cited by: 715
References: 17
Citations by year: 2026: 80 · 2025: 118 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 108 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 12
FWCI: 6.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Ministerul Cercetării, Inovării şi Digitalizării
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Keywords: minimal clinically important difference, 6-minute walk test, exercise capacity, functional capacity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, coronary artery disease, interstitial lung disease, non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, fear of falling, ROC curve
MeSH terms: Accidental Falls, Walk Test, Minimal Clinically Important Difference, Bronchiectasis, Coronary Artery Disease, Fear, Humans, Quality of Life, ROC Curve, Lung Diseases, Interstitial, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

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Minimal clinically important difference for change in 6‐minute walk test distance of adults with pathology: a systematic review

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