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Cited by 22Probiotics and Fermented FoodsGut microbiota and healthGastrointestinal motility and disorders

Chinese expert consensus on the application of live combined Bifidobacterium , Lactobacillus , and Enterococcus powder/capsule in digestive system diseases (2021)

Open access
Fang, Jingyuan, Yang, Yunsheng, Xie, Weifen·2023·Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
DOI 10.1111/jgh.16195
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Abstract

Background and Aim: Disturbance of gut microbiota is associated with pathological change in multiple diseases. Probiotics can improve symptoms and exert clinical effects via regulation of gastrointestinal microecological environments, and a probiotic product commonly dispensed by Chinese physicians is a combination of live Bifidobacterium , Lactobacillus , and Enterococcus in powder/capsule form. It contains three strains—of Bifidobacterium longum , Lactobacillus acidophilus , and Enterococcus faecalis —which can act synergistically to balance the microbiome, regulate immunity, and repair the gut barrier. Although this product has been proven safe and effective in clinical practice, uncertainty remains regarding its use to treat digestive system diseases. To date, there have been no reference standards to guide clinical practice and no relevant expert consensus on this product, in China. Methods: Following a literature search, evidence was graded and classified according to the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) system and consensus was secured from a panel of 52 experts. Results: An expert consensus has been formed, on the clinical application of live combined Bifidobacterium , Lactobacillus , and Enterococcus in various digestive system diseases, to provide reference for its clinical use. Conclusions: Bifidobacterium triple viable powder/capsule may offer benefits, by regulating the balance of intestinal microecology. It can be used for the treatment and prevention of various digestive system diseases with good overall safety; further research is needed to confirm its application in other contexts. The recommendations in this consensus will be confirmed or refined in light of future research and clinical practice.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This 2021 Chinese expert consensus recommends live combined *Bifidobacterium*, *Lactobacillus*, and *Enterococcus* powder/capsule for multiple adult and pediatric digestive diseases, using GRADE-graded statements and Delphi voting by 52 experts. It concludes the product may benefit patients by regulating intestinal microecology with good overall safety, while calling for further high-quality research.

Key findings

  • The consensus presents statements 1–21 covering adult and pediatric digestive diseases, medication management, and safety; recommendations were graded by GRADE and voted on by 52 experts, with consensus declared at >80% agreement.
  • Adult recommendations include strong recommendations with high-quality evidence for adjunctive use in *H. pylori* eradication (98.08% agreement), antibiotic-associated diarrhea (100.00%), IBS (98.08%), and active UC/prevention of recurrence (92.31%).
  • Additional adult statements include strong recommendations with moderate-quality evidence for functional constipation (90.38%), chemotherapy-associated diarrhea (80.77%), cirrhosis/SBP/hepatic encephalopathy (80.77%), colorectal cancer postoperative infection/flora (80.77%), and post-cholecystectomy diarrhea (82.69%).
  • Pediatric statements include strong recommendations with high-quality evidence for rotavirus enteritis (98.08%), diarrhea secondary to respiratory infections (96.15%), functional constipation (94.23%), neonatal jaundice (92.31%), cholestasis (90.38%), and feeding intolerance in very low birth weight preterm infants (94.23%); safety statement had 100.00% agreement and notes no treatment-related serious adverse reactions reported in >20 years of clinical use in China.

Methods

  • Literature search followed by evidence grading/classification using the GRADE system; the Delphi method was used with 52 experts voting on statements.
  • Consensus was declared where >80% of experts fully agreed and/or agreed with minor reservations; statements without consensus were revised, discussed, and voted on again.

Limitations

  • Stated: there is no direct evidence for use in Western populations; further high-quality research is needed, including long-term efficacy and safety data; evidence is scarce for post-cholecystectomy diarrhea, and pediatric functional constipation efficacy is not uniform and needs long-term high-quality verification.
  • Evident from the text: this is an expert consensus rather than a primary trial, so recommendations synthesize cited literature and expert experience/voting rather than reporting a new prospective study.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/jgh.16195

Cites

32 of 32 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 93 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingnone given

    At present, there is no direct evidence for the use of Bifidobacterium triple viable powder/capsule in the western population.

    “At present, there is no direct evidence for the use of Bifidobacterium triple viable powder/capsule in the western population”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingreasoning

    Bifidobacterium triple viable powder/capsule has few adverse reactions overall.

    “Bifidobacterium triple viable powder/capsule has few adverse reactions overall”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingnone given

    Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules can improve intestinal dysbiosis in patients with cirrhosis.

    “Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules can improve intestinal dysbiosis and intestinal barrier function in patients with cirrhosis”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Most of the known common adverse reactions of Bifidobacterium triple viable powder/capsule can be tolerated and disappear after drug withdrawal.

    “Most of these can be tolerated and disappear after drug withdrawal.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingnone given

    Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules can improve intestinal barrier function in patients with cirrhosis.

    “Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules can improve intestinal dysbiosis and intestinal barrier function in patients with cirrhosis”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims. 13
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 7

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Bifidobacterium triple viable powder/capsule has been clinically approved in China for more than 20 years, and no treatment-related serious adverse reactions have been reported.

    “Bifidobacterium triple viable powder/capsule has been clinically approved in China for more than 20 years, and no treatment-related serious adverse reactions have been reported.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Bifidobacterium triple viable powder/capsule can be used for the treatment and prevention of various digestive system diseases with good overall safety.

    “It can be used for the treatment and prevention of various digestive system diseases with good overall safety; further research is needed to confirm its application in other contexts.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Bifidobacterium triple viable powder/capsule has been proven safe and effective in clinical practice.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The Delphi method was used to reach this consensus, with 52 experts participating in the voting.

    “The Delphi method was used to reach this consensus, and 52 experts participated in the voting (Table 2).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    After the second round, statements that failed to reach consensus were further discussed, revised where necessary, and voted on again.

    “After that second round of voting, any statements that had failed to reach consensus were further discussed, revised where necessary, and voted on again.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Evidence from the literature search was graded and classified according to the GRADE system.

    “Evidence from the literature search was graded and classified according to the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) system (Table 1).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Statements that failed to reach consensus were circulated among all members, revised, and voted on again in a second round.

    “the statement was circulated among all members and revised in light of their further discussions, then the revised statements were voted on in a second round.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductnone given

    A consensus was declared wherever more than 80% of experts were in full agreement with the statement, and/or agreed with it, but with minor reservations.

    “a consensus was declared wherever more than 80% of experts were in full agreement with the statement, and/or agreed with it, but with minor reservations.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The addition of Bifidobacterium triple viable powder to antibiotics had a good preventive effect and may reduce the adverse effects of antibiotic therapy in infants and children.

    “The addition of Bifidobacterium triple viable powder to antibiotics was effective in reducing the incidence of acute respiratory infections secondary to diarrhea in infants and children; this had a good preventive effect and may reduce the adverse effects of antibiotic therapy.[38][39][40][41]”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [38]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [39]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [40]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    After treatment with Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules, the number of Bifidobacterium in the intestine of children with antibiotic-associated diarrhea was higher than before treatment, while the number of Escherichia coli was lower than before treatment.

    “Notably, it has been found that the number of Bifidobacterium in the intestine of children with AAD after treatment with Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules was higher than that before treatment, while the number of Escherichia coli was lower than that before treatment, which suggested that these capsules are also beneficial in regulating intestinal flora.43”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [43]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The addition of Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules to the treatment of adult patients with functional constipation reduced recurrence rate without affecting the safety of lactitol and mosapride.

    “The addition of Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules to the treatment of adult patients with functional constipation significantly improved the efficacy of the light laxative lactitol and the gastrointestinal prokinetic drug mosapride and reduced the recurrence rate without affecting the safety of these two drugs.21,22”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [21]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [22]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules counteracted small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and reduced symptoms in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer.

    “Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules counteracted small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and reduced symptoms in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer.32”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [32]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The combination of Bifidobacterium triple viable powder/capsule with conventional treatment increased overall efficiency in children and effectively reduced the recurrence rate.

    “The combination of Bifidobacterium triple viable powder/capsule with conventional treatment increased the overall efficiency in children and effectively reduced the recurrence rate.45”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [45]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules could regulate the balance of intestinal flora and reduce blood ammonia, serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, thereby reducing liver injury and systemic inflammatory response and facilitating disease recovery.

    “Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules could regulate the balance of intestinal flora and reduce blood ammonia, serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, thereby reducing liver injury and systemic inflammatory response and facilitating disease recovery.53”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [53]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The combination of Bifidobacterium triple viable powder/capsule with conventional treatment effectively reduced the number of days of jaundice duration and accelerated the resolution of jaundice in children.

    “Numerous studies showed that the combination of Bifidobacterium triple viable powder/capsule with conventional treatment showed definite efficacy in neonatal jaundice, [48][49][50] improved the overall efficiency, and effectively reduced the number of days of jaundice duration in children and accelerated the resolution of jaundice.51”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [48]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [49]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [50]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules may promote bilirubin catabolism and excretion and reduce intestinal reabsorption of unconjugated bilirubin.

    “Based on the combination of hepatic enzyme inducers and phototherapy, Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules may be used as adjunctive therapy to promote bilirubin catabolism and excretion and reduce intestinal reabsorption of unconjugated bilirubin.50”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [50]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Supplementation with Bifidobacterium triple viable powder reduced complication rates and improved liver function in very low birth weight and preterm infants.

    “It has been showed that supplementation with Bifidobacterium triple viable powder could significantly reduce the incidence of cholestasis in very low birth weight infants (birth weight < 1500 g) and preterm infants (gestational age of 28-34 weeks), reduce complication rates, and improve liver function.52”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [52]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Bifidobacterium triple viable, as a probiotic, may diminish its efficacy when used concomitantly with acid suppressants.

    “Although evidence from relevant studies is needed to verify this, Bifidobacterium triple viable, as a probiotic, may diminish its efficacy when used concomitantly with acid suppressants, and bismuth may kill live bacteria, so it is recommended that both should be taken separately.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Probiotics can improve symptoms and exert clinical effects via regulation of gastrointestinal microecological environments.
17 of 17

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    There have been no reference standards to guide clinical practice and no relevant expert consensus on this product in China.

    “To date, there have been no reference standards to guide clinical practice and no relevant expert consensus on this product, in China.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Bifidobacterium triple viable powder/capsule has been proven safe and effective in clinical practice.

    “Although this product has been proven safe and effective in clinical practice, uncertainty remains regarding its use to treat digestive system diseases.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The three strains Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis can act synergistically to balance the microbiome, regulate immunity, and repair the gut barrier.

    “It contains three strains-of Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis-which can act synergistically to balance the microbiome, regulate immunity, and repair the gut barrier.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The main colonization sites of the three strains are different.

    “Because the main colonization sites of these strains are different, this formulation forms a combined flora that grows and acts in different intestinal sites and conditions and combats digestive diseases by synergizing the functions of different strains.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Bifidobacterium triple viable powder/capsule is sensitive to most antibacterial drugs, including penicillin, ampicillin, imipenem, and erythromycin.

    “Bifidobacterium triple viable powder/capsule is sensitive to most antibacterial drugs, including penicillin, ampicillin, imipenem, and erythromycin.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Bismuth may kill live bacteria.

    “bismuth may kill live bacteria”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Tannic acid, medicinal charcoal, tinctures, and other treatment agents may inhibit, adsorb, or kill live bacteria.

    “Tannic acid, medicinal charcoal, tinctures, and other treatment agents may inhibit, adsorb, or kill live bacteria”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Probiotics can improve symptoms and exert clinical effects via regulation of gastrointestinal microecological environments.

    “Probiotics can improve symptoms and exert clinical effects via regulation of gastrointestinal microecological environments”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Intestinal flora has different characteristics in different age groups.

    “Because intestinal flora has different characteristics in different age groups”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    There are individual differences in the degree and manner of intestinal flora disorders.

    “there are individual differences in the degree and manner of intestinal flora disorders”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Bifidobacterium triple viable capsule contains lactose.

    “Bifidobacterium triple viable capsule contains lactose”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Bifidobacterium triple viable powder contains skim milk powder.

    “Bifidobacterium triple viable powder contains skim milk powder”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The benefits of Bifidobacterium triple viable powder/capsule are mediated by regulating the balance of intestinal microecology through the synergistic effect of its three strains B. longum, L. acidophilus, and E. faecalis.

    “by regulating the balance of intestinal microecology through the synergistic effect of its three strains of B. longum, L. acidophilus, and E. faecalis”
13 of 13

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • The stated direction of secondary illness is reversed

    Minor

    Statement 11 concerns diarrhea secondary to respiratory tract infections, but the supporting paragraph describes respiratory infections secondary to diarrhea.

1 of 1

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 33 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 29

  1. Liu L, 2016, A Meta‐analysis of Bifidobacterium viable triple capsule on Helicobacter pylori eradication during clinical therapy, J. Pharm. Pract., 34, 380
  2. Zhang LY, 2013, Comparison of the efficacy of standard triple therapy and the addition of probiotics in Helicobacter pylori infection, Chin. J. Dig., 33, 770
  3. Wang YM, 2016, Application of Bifico and bismuth quadruple in elderly peptic ulcer treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, Chin. J. Nosocomiol., 26, 3193
  4. Zhang HT, 2015, Clinical study on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori by compound Lactobacillus acidophilus tablets and Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules in combination with quadruple therapy, Chin. J. Integr. Tradit. West Med. Dig., 23, 581
  5. Wang W, 2016, Clinical effect of probiotics on treatment of antibiotic‐associated diarrhea, Chin. J. Nosocomio. l., 26, 1258
  6. Liang KR, 2014, Influence and efficacy of Bifid triple viable capsules combined with trimebutine on serum inflammatory factor levels of patients with irritable bowel syndrome, Chin. J. Microecol., 26, 1414
  7. Li H, 2016, Live combined Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Enterococcus capsules/powder for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a meta‐analysis, Chin. J. Pract. Intern. Med., 36, 824
  8. Pan SH, 2014, Influence and curative effect of Bifid triple viable capsules on serum interleukin‐6, 8 and 10 levels of patients with ulcerative colitis, Chin. J. Microecol., 26, 1169
  9. Peng DH, 2008, Effect of olsalazine combined with Bifico on IL‐8 in patients with ulcerative colitis, Shanghai Med. J., 71
  10. Chen YZ, 2015, Clinical observation of polyethylene glycol combined with Bifidobacterium triple viable in the treatment of elderly functional constipation, China Pharmacy., 26, 1199
  11. Sun GY, 2008, Efficacy of the combination of Bifico and polyethylene glycol 4000 in the treatment of functional constipation in the elderly, Guangdong Med. J., 1029
  12. Luo C, 2017, Protection effect of bifid triple viable capsules combined on intestinal mucosal barrier of patients with chemotherapy‐induced diarrhea (CID) with leukemia, Chin. Mod Dor., 55, 86
  13. Ning N, 2014, Protective effect of Bifid triple viable capsules on intestinal mucosal barrier function in patients with chemotherapy‐induced diarrhea, Chin. J. Microecol., 26, 812
  14. Cao XT, 2018, Clinical trial of triple viable capsules of Bifidobacterium in the treatment of patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, Chin. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 34, 1601
  15. Zhang CQ, 2005, Efficacy of Bifico in the adjuvant treatment of spontaneous peritonitis in liver cirrhosis, Guangdong Med. J., 26, 109
  16. Yu FJ, 2020, Effect of lactulose combined with triplet viable bifidobacteria capsules on mild hepatic encephalopathy patients, Chin. J. Microecol., 32, 929
  17. Wang MH, 2014, Influence of Bifid triple viable capsules on intestinal flora and slgA levels of patients with postcholecystectomy diarrhea, Chin. J. Microecol., 26, 1166
  18. Zhu JN, 2017, Effect of Bifid triple viable capsules on intestinal microbial disorders in patients with postcholecystectomy diarrhea, Chin. J. Microecol., 29, 567
  19. Li H, 2016, Live combined Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Enterococcus capsules/powder for the treatment of infantile rotavirus enteritis: a meta‐analysis, Chin. J. Pract. Pediatr., 31, 537
  20. Cai HF, 2018, Influence of Bifid triple viable powder on intestinal flora and intestinal mucosal permeability of children with rotavirus enteritis, Chin. J. Microecol., 30, 434
  21. Bifico Collaborative Group for Prevention and Treatment of Diarrhea Secondary to Infant and Child Pneumonia, 2006, A randomized, multicenter clinical trial on Bifico in preventing pneumonia‐induced diarrhea in infants, J. Clin. Pediatr., 24, 848
  22. Zhu XL, 2012, The efficacy of Bifico in preventing diarrhea secondary to respiratory tract infection in infants and children, Mod. Prev. Med., 39, 2465
  23. Yao BH, 2011, Bulk triple viable Bifidobacterium for prevention of diarrhea supervened from acute respiratory infection in infants: a clinical study, J. Pediatr. Pharm., 17, 31
  24. Li M, 2009, Comparison of the efficacy of lactulose and Bifico on functional constipation in children, Jiangsu Med. J., 35, 589
  25. He HX, 2021, Efficacy of domperidone in combination with Bifidobacterium triple viable in the treatment of children with functional dyspepsia, Mod. Diagn. Treat., 32, 14
  26. Huang YQ, 2019, The effect of Bifid‐triple viable powder combined with zinc gluconate on intestinal flora of children with infantile anorexia, Chin. J. Microecol., 31, 453
  27. Li H, 2016, Live combined Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Enterococcus capsules/powder for the treatment of neonatal jaundice: a meta‐analysis, Chin. J. Microecol., 28, 1143
  28. Jiang L, 2015, Effect of probiotic treatment on intestinal flora and related cytokines in infants with cholestatic liver disease, Chin. J. Appl. Clin. Pediatr., 30, 945
  29. Hu WH, 2020, Effect of triad viable Bifidobacterium powder combined with non‐nutritive sucking on serum gastrointestinal hormone levels in preterm infants with feeding intolerance, Chin. J. Microecol., 32, 1438

Cited by

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Authors
Fang, J., Yang, Y., & Xie, W.
Affiliations
  • Department of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
  • Chinese PLA General Hospital (CN)
  • Department of Gastroenterology Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Shanghai China
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2023-04-29
Volume
38
Issue
7
Pages
1089-1098
ISSN
  • 0815-9319 (ISSN-L)
  • 1440-1746
DOI
10.1111/jgh.16195
OpenAlex
W4367369434
Semantic Scholar
77cc790ca010a67cfa7d67ca67732b8995ae1926
Cited by
22
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5
FWCI
2.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Keywords
probiotics, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, gastrointestinal diseases, gut microbiota, intestinal microecology, intestinal barrier, immune regulation, probiotic safety
MeSH terms
Gastrointestinal Microbiome, East Asian People, Bifidobacterium, Capsules, Digestive System Diseases, Humans, Lactobacillus, Powders, Enterococcus, Probiotics, Consensus

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