The effect of dietary soy intake on weight loss, glycaemic control, lipid profiles and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomised clinical trial
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary soy intake on weight loss and metabolic status of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: A randomised clinical trial was conducted among 60 women with PCOS. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups to receive either a test diet (n = 30) or a control diet (n = 30) for 8 weeks. Participants in the test group consumed a diet containing 0.8 g protein kg–1 body weight (35% animal proteins, 35% soy protein and 30% vegetable proteins) and participants in the control group consumed a similar diet containing 70% animal proteins and 30% vegetable proteins. Results: Adherence to the test diet, compared with the control diet, resulted in significant decreases [mean (SD)] in body mass index (BMI) [−0.3 (0.6) versus +0.1 (0.5) kg m–2, P = 0.02], fasting plasma glucose [−0.2 (0.5) versus +0.1 (0.3) mmol L−1, P = 0.01], total testosterone [−0.3 (0.7) versus +0.3 (0.3) mmol L−1, P < 0.001], insulin [−15.0 (18.0) versus +4.8 (18.6) pmol L−1, P < 0.001] and insulin resistance [−0.6 (0.6) versus +0.2 (0.7), P < 0.001], as well as a significant increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index [+0.01 (0.01) versus −0.002 (0.02), P = 0.01]. In addition, significant decreases in triglycerides [−0.1 (0.4) versus +0.2 (0.3) mmol L−1, P = 0.01] and malondialdehyde (MDA) [−1.2 (1.0) versus +0.2 (1.2) μmol L−1, P < 0.001] and significant increases in nitric oxide (NO) [+13.6 (14.1) versus +0.9 (24.3) μmol L−1, P = 0.01] and glutathione (GSH) [+170.1 (175.5) versus +24.2 (168.7) μmol L−1, P = 0.002] were seen in the test group compared to the control. Conclusions: Adherence to test diet among subjects with PCOS significantly decreased BMI, glycaemic control, total testosterone, triglycerides and MDA, and significantly increased NO and GSH compared to the control diet.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Insulin resistance is seen in around 44-70% of women with PCOS.
“Insulin resistance is seen in around 44–70% of women who have been identified with PCOS [52].”
Probiotics helped regulate SHBG, reduce testosterone levels, and lower markers of oxidative stress.
“Another study found that probiotics helped regulate sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), reduce testosterone levels, and lower markers of oxidative stress [52].”
Both included protein modification studies improved markers of cardiometabolic risk in individuals with PCOS.
“While both studies improved markers of cardiometabolic risk [75,76]”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [75]
In the textured soy protein study, all participants were prescribed metformin, which may have influenced the improvements in cardiometabolic risk.
“In the textured soy protein study, all participants were prescribed metformin, regardless of intervention group. Thus, metformin may have influenced the improvements in cardiometabolic risk [75].”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [75]
Studies that modified dietary patterns without a caloric deficit saw improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors.
“studies that modified dietary patterns without a caloric deficit [72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,87,108] saw improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors”
From Moving beyond Weight: A Narrative Review of the Dietary and Lifestyle Management for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (2023) · cites this paper as [75]
Cites
Moran, L. J., Ko, H., Misso, M., Marsh, K., Noakes, M., Talbot, M., Frearson, M., Thondan, M., Stepto, N., & Teede, H. J. (2013) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2012.11.018 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Mehrabani, H. H., Salehpour, S., Amiri, Z., Farahani, S. J., Meyer, B. J., & Tahbaz, F. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2012.10720017 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Deibert, P., König, D., Schmidt-Trucksaess, A., Zaenker, K. S., Frey, I., Landmann, U., & Berg, A. (2004) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802765 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Hypocholesterolaemic effects of milk-kefir and soyamilk-kefir in cholesterol-fed hamsters
Liu, J.-R., Wang, S.-Y., Chen, M.-J., Chen, H.-L., Yueh, P.-Y., & Lin, C.-W. (2006) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20061752 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Fulghesu, A. M., Romualdi, D., Di Florio, C., Sanna, S., Tagliaferri, V., Gambineri, A., Tomassoni, F., Minerba, L., Pasquali, R., & Lanzone, A. (2012) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/des262 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Role of Lifestyle Interventions in PCOS Management: A Systematic Review
Gautam, R., Maan, P., Jyoti, A., Kumar, A., Malhotra, N., & Arora, T. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17020310 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Hansen, T. T., Astrup, A., & Sjödin, A. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13093193 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Wang, Q., Sun, Y., Xu, Q., Liu, W., Wang, P., Yao, J., Zhao, A., Chen, Y., & Wang, W. (2022) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2021.12.006 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Muhammed Saeed, A. A., Noreen, S., Awlqadr, F. H., Farooq, M. I., Qadeer, M., Rai, N., Farag, H. A., & Saeed, M. N. (2025) · Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s41043-025-00899-y · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Insulin resistance is seen in around 44–70% of women who have been identified with PCOS [52].”
Herbert, S., & Woolf, K. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15245069 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Karamali, M., Kashanian, M., Alaeinasab, S., & Asemi, Z.
- Affiliations
- Iran University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Imam Sajad Hospital Shahriyar Tehran Iran
- Kashan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Asemi, Z.
- Venue
- Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-02-22
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 533-543
- ISSN
- 0952-3871 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-277X
- OpenAlex
- W2789602348
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 5.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- expression_of_concern (2024-08-26)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Iran University of Medical Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, dietary soy, soy protein, weight loss, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, lipid profile, testosterone, oxidative stress, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, inflammatory markers, women's health, body mass index, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, dietary intervention, hyperandrogenism
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Blood Glucose, Dietary Proteins, Female, Glutathione, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Lipids, Nitric Oxide, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Testosterone, Triglycerides, Biomarkers, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Oxidative Stress, Soybean Proteins, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
