Dietary Composition in the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review to Inform Evidence-Based Guidelines
Abstract
While lifestyle management is recommended as first-line treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the optimal dietary composition is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different diet compositions on anthropometric, reproductive, metabolic, and psychological outcomes in PCOS. A literature search was conducted (Australasian Medical Index, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, PsycInfo, and EBM reviews; most recent search was performed January 19, 2012). Inclusion criteria were women with PCOS not taking anti-obesity medications and all weight-loss or maintenance diets comparing different dietary compositions. Studies were assessed for risk of bias. A total of 4,154 articles were retrieved and six articles from five studies met the a priori selection criteria, with 137 women included. A meta-analysis was not performed due to clinical heterogeneity for factors including participants, dietary intervention composition, duration, and outcomes. There were subtle differences between diets, with greater weight loss for a monounsaturated fat-enriched diet; improved menstrual regularity for a low-glycemic index diet; increased free androgen index for a high-carbohydrate diet; greater reductions in insulin resistance, fibrinogen, total, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol for a low-carbohydrate or low-glycemic index diet; improved quality of life for a low-glycemic index diet; and improved depression and self-esteem for a high-protein diet. Weight loss improved the presentation of PCOS regardless of dietary composition in the majority of studies. Weight loss should be targeted in all overweight women with PCOS through reducing caloric intake in the setting of adequate nutritional intake and healthy food choices irrespective of diet composition.
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Fiber and magnesium intake is associated with beneficial metabolic parameters in women with PCOS, affirming composite effects of a fiber-rich, nutrient-wise diet in lowering chances of PCOS.
“Moran et al. (2013) reported that fiber and magnesium intake was associated with beneficial metabolic parameters in women with PCOS, thus affirming the composite effects of a fiber-rich, nutrient-wise diet lesser the chances of PCOS [128].”
Fiber and magnesium intake is associated with beneficial metabolic parameters in women with PCOS, affirming composite effects of a fiber-rich, nutrient-wise diet in lowering chances of PCOS.
“Moran et al. (2013) reported that fiber and magnesium intake was associated with beneficial metabolic parameters in women with PCOS, thus affirming the composite effects of a fiber-rich, nutrient-wise diet lesser the chances of PCOS [128].”
From Nutritional and herbal interventions for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a comprehensive review of dietary approaches, macronutrient impact, and herbal medicine in management (2025) · cites this paper as Moran et al. (2013)
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- Authors
- Moran, L. J., Ko, H., Misso, M., Marsh, K., Noakes, M., Talbot, M., Frearson, M., Thondan, M., Stepto, N., & Teede, H. J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Moran, Lisa J.
- Venue
- Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-04
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 520-545
- ISSN
- 2212-2672 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2133253662
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 3.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, diet composition, weight loss diet, low glycemic index diet, low-carbohydrate diet, high-protein diet, insulin resistance, menstrual cycle regularity, free androgen index, quality of life, depression, self-esteem, lifestyle management, overweight women
- MeSH terms
- Androgens, Energy Intake, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Dietary Proteins, Female, Humans, Obesity, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Quality of Life, United States, Weight Loss, Treatment Outcome, Guidelines as Topic, Glycemic Index, Overweight
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