Instruments measuring behavioural aspects of the nurse–patient relationship: A scoping review
Abstract
Aims and objectives: To identify and map tools measuring behavioural aspects of the nurse–patient relationship. Background: The behaviours nurses employ to develop relationships with patients form a key part of nursing practice. Systematically measuring these behaviours provides an objective means of assessing and evaluating how nurses establish and maintain relationships with patients in a variety of settings. Whilst tools exist to measure these behaviours, little is known about their aims/scope, structure, method of development and contexts of use. Such knowledge is crucial for understanding the nature of the literature, including in which contexts and for which patient groups existing tools are suited. Design: Scoping review informed by Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Methods: A database search was undertaken using CINAHL, PsycINFO, Pubmed and Embase. Primary research articles, theses and methodological papers that developed, refined and/or administered tools measuring behavioural aspects of the nurse–patient relationship, in any setting and for any patient group, were included. Tools had to measure actual not hypothetical behaviour (e.g., perceptions regarding importance). Data from included studies and tools were mapped. Results are reported in accordance with PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Results: One hundred and twenty‐seven studies, containing 35 tools, were included. The literature was characterised by substantial variability, stemming from the continued refinement of tools (e.g., reduction to short forms) but also the development of new tools that appeared to duplicate existing work and the inconsistent use of tools across studies. Conclusions: The volume of tools available demonstrates the importance of measuring the nurse–patient relationship. However, the existing duplication and variability create challenges in choosing amongst the tools available and show that, as a concept, the nurse–patient relationship remains poorly understood. Relevance to clinical practice: Research is required to synthesise, and assess the quality of, existing tools, enabling clinicians, leaders/managers, educators and researchers to administer appropriate tools to evaluate the nurse–patient relationship.
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The PsycInfo database can be useful for questions which combine nursing/midwifery practice with mental health, psychological, and social science concepts.
“The PsycInfo database can also be useful for questions which combine nursing/midwifery practice with mental health, psychological, and social science concepts, for example, identifying the range of tools to measure behavioural aspects of the nurse–patient relationship (Feo et al., 2020).”
From Undertaking a scoping review: A practical guide for nursing and midwifery students, clinicians, researchers, and academics (2021) · cites this paper as Feo et al., 2020
Scoping reviews can be used where more conceptual knowledge is required, for example, identifying and mapping existing tools.
“Another example is where more conceptual knowledge is required, for example, identifying and mapping existing tools [32].”
From Scoping reviews: reinforcing and advancing the methodology and application (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
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- Authors
- Feo, R., Conroy, T., Wiechula, R., Rasmussen, P., & Kitson, A.
- Affiliations
- Flinders University (AU)
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Feo, Rebecca
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Nursing
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-06-25
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 11-12
- Pages
- 1808-1821
- ISSN
- 0962-1067 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2702
- OpenAlex
- W2948709983
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 0.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
- Social Sciences › Education › Health Education and Validation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare
- Keywords
- nurse-patient relationship, nurse behavior, measurement instruments, tool development, nursing practice evaluation
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Nurse-Patient Relations, Nurses, Nursing Care
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