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Cited by 36Renal function and acid-base balanceAnimal health and immunologyVeterinary Medicine and Surgery

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Contribution of unmeasured anions to acid-base disorders and its association with altered demeanor in 264 calves with neonatal diarrhea

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Gomez, D.E., Lofstedt, J., Stämpfli, H.R., Wichtel, M., Muirhead, T., McClure, J.T.·2013·Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
DOI 10.1111/jvim.12193PMC PMC7166389
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The quantitative effect of strong electrolytes, unmeasured anions (UAs), pCO2 , and plasma protein concentrations in determining plasma pH and bicarbonate (HCO3 (-) ) can be demonstrated using the physicochemical approach. Demeanor of calves with diarrhea is associated with acidemia, dehydration, and hyper-d-lactatemia. HYPOTHESIS: Unmeasured anions are a major factor influencing changes in plasma pH and HCO3 (-) of calves with diarrhea and UAs and strong UAs, estimated by anion gap (AG) and strong ion gap (SIG), respectively, are more strongly associated with alteration of demeanor compared to other acid-base variables. ANIMALS: A total of 264 calves with diarrhea from two data sets (DS1 and DS2). METHODS: Retrospective study. Forward stepwise regression was performed to determine the relationship between measured pH or HCO3 (-) , and physicochemical variables. A two-way ANOVA was performed to investigate the association between acid-base variables and attitude (bright, obtunded, and stuporous), posture (standing, sternal or lateral recumbency), and strength of suckling reflex (strong, weak, or absent). RESULTS: Increased strong UAs estimated by SIG was the most important contributor to changes in measured pH and HCO3 (-) (DS1: r(2) 66 and 59%, DS2: 39 and 42%, P < .0001). SIG and AG were correlated to deteriorating calf demeanor for all three clinical scoring categories: attitude, posture, and suckle reflex (P < .0001). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Elevated concentrations of strong UAs were the primary cause of acidemia and had an important influence on the demeanor of calves with diarrhea. These findings emphasize the importance of the calculation of UAs when evaluating acid-base abnormalities in calves.

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. Constable, 2005, Use of strong on approach to determine mechanism of acid-base abnormalities in sick calves with or without diarrhea, J Vet Intern Med, 19, 581
  2. Hasselbalch, 1917, Die Berechnung der Wassersroffzahl des Blutes ous der freien und gebunden Kohlensaure desselben, und die Sauerstoffbindung des Blutes als Funktion der Wasserstoffzahl, Biochemische Zeitschrift, 78, 112
  3. Geishauser, 1997, Metaboliche azidose bei neugeborenen Kalbern mit Durchfall – Abschatzung and saugreflex oder stehvermogen, Prakt Tierarzt, 78, 600
  4. Staempfli, 2012, Increased strong ion gap in dairy calves with diarrhea is likely due to d-lactate, J Vet Intern Med, 26, 739
  5. Fecteau, 1997, Bacteriological culture of ill neonatal calves, Can Vet J, 38, 95

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Metadata

Authors
Gomez, D. E., Lofstedt, J., Stämpfli, H. R., Wichtel, M., Muirhead, T., & McClure, J. T.
Affiliations
  • Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island Department of Health Management, , Charlottetown, PE,
  • Ontario Veterinary College (CA)
  • University of Prince Edward Island (CA)
ORCID
Wichtel, M.
Venue
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2013-11-01
Volume
27
Issue
6
Pages
1604-1612
ISSN
  • 0891-6640 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1676
DOI
10.1111/jvim.12193
PMC
PMC7166389
OpenAlex
W2093412124
Cited by
36
References
52
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2015: 7
FWCI
1.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
Locations
  • Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Atlantic Veterinary College
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Renal function and acid-base balance
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal health and immunology
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary Medicine and Surgery
Keywords
unmeasured anions, acid-base disorders, neonatal calf diarrhea, strong ion gap, anion gap, acidemia, plasma bicarbonate, plasma pH, dehydration, hyperlactatemia
MeSH terms
Acid-Base Imbalance, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Bicarbonates, Cattle, Cattle Diseases, Diarrhea, Female, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Male, Regression Analysis, Retrospective Studies

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