Lunar meteorites from northern Africa
Abstract
Abstract We report bulk composition data for 235 stones of ~77 lunar meteorites from northern Africa and 33 lunar meteorites from elsewhere. About 27% of the African meteorites are typical feldspathic lunar rocks, all breccias of similar bulk composition, for example, 3–5% FeO and low concentrations of incompatible elements. Nevertheless, these meteorites have a large range inMg'(whole‐rock mole% Mg/[Mg + Fe]), 57–77 (mean: 65.5), and this parameter does not correlate with either albite content of the plagioclase or concentrations of incompatible elements. From this observation, we conclude that feldspathic lunar meteorites do not support the hypotheses that the anorthositic, precursor plutonic rocks of the meteorite breccias all crystallized from a common magma. Among feldspathic lunar meteorites,Mg'increases with normative olivine abundance but is uncorrelated with normative pyroxene abundance, that is, high‐Mg'feldspathic rocks of the early lunar crust were troctolitic, not noritic. The NWA 5744 (Northwest Arica) clan of lunar meteorites are anorthositic troctolites (59–75% plagioclase, 15–26% olivine, Fo77–80) with very low concentrations of incompatible elements (2.6 × CI) compared to troctolites in the Apollo collection. They may represent the lower feldspathic crust or differentiated impact melt from portions of the highlands distant from the PKT (Procellarum KREEP Terrane). About 31% of the lunar meteorites from northern Africa, all breccias, are, by lunar standards, moderately mafic (5–13% FeO) but more magnesian than mixtures of typical feldspathic meteorite and mare basalt, implying that they represent moderately mafic regions of the highlands or originate from the South Pole–Aitken basin. With ~6 µg g−1Th, two NWA meteorites likely originate from the PKT. Including the unique NWA 773 clan, at least six of the northern Africa meteorites are, or are dominated by, unbrecciated basalts and gabbros of mare affinity. We estimate that the ~341 lunar meteorite stones (Africa and elsewhere) for which there are data represent 131–147 terrestrially unpaired meteorites and 109–134 lunar launch sites.
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Cannon's system classifies soil using two main criteria, bulk chemistry and average particle size, with the primary classification based on total iron content (FeO) dividing regolith into Highland (FeO < 8.6 wt%), Mare (FeO > 15.9 wt%), and Intermediate (8.6 ≤ FeO ≤ 15.9 wt%).
“This system classifies soil using two main criteria: bulk chemistry and average particle size.”
From A comprehensive review of lunar-based manufacturing and construction (2024) · cites this paper as [28]
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Geochemistry of lunar meteorite Yamato-791197: Comparison with ALHA81005 and other lunar samples
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ANSMET Meteorites from the Moon
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Element diffusion rates in lunar granulitic breccias: Evidence for contact metamorphism on the Moon
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An ancient reservoir of volatiles in the Moon sampled by lunar meteorite Northwest Africa 10989
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Trace element geochemistry of lunar meteorites Yamato-791197 and -82192
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Dar Al Gani 400: Chemistry and Petrology of the Largest Lunar Meteorite
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Petrogenesis of the Northwest Africa 4898 high‐Al mare basalt
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Update (2012–2017) on lunar meteorites from Oman
Korotev, R. L. (2017) · Meteoritics and Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/maps.12869 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Relationship between positive cerium anomaly and adsorbed water in Antarctic lunar meteorites
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Campo del Cielo: A Campo by any other name
WASSON, J. T. (2018) · Meteoritics and Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/maps.13205 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Impactor metal in gabbroic lunar meteorite Northwest Africa 5000
Humayun, M., & Irving, A. J. (2008) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Supplement · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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A comprehensive review of lunar-based manufacturing and construction
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Young KREEP-like mare volcanism from Oceanus Procellarum
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Production of a set of lunar regolith simulants based on Apollo and Chinese samples
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Lunar Heat Flow: Global Predictions and Reduced Heat Flux
Siegler, M. A., Warren, P. H., Lehman-Franco, K., Paige, D. A., Feng, J., & White, M. (2022) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2022je007182 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
A lunar soil classification system for space resource utilization
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Ground truth constraints and remote sensing of lunar highland crust composition
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Lunar ore geology and feasibility of ore mineral detection using a far-IR spectrometer
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New Evidence for 4.32 Ga Ancient Silicic Volcanism on the Moon
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Composition, structure, and origin of the Moon
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Spectral properties of ablating meteorite samples for improved meteoroid composition diagnostics
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Wang, Z., Tian, W., Wang, W.-R., Prissel, T. C., Di, Y., Qian, Y., Liu, P., Fa, W., & Su, A. (2025) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02086-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A whole-scale volatile-depleted lunar interior
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KRING, D. A., Fagan, A. L., Bickel, V., Deutsch, A. N., Gaddis, L. R., Groß, J., Hiesinger, H., Huning, T. M., Hurtado, J. M., Iqbal, W., et al. (2025) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2024je008905 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Fu, X., Cao, H., Chen, J., Hou, X., Ling, Z., Xu, L., Zou, Y., Tang, C., & Hsu, W. (2021) · Meteoritics and Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/maps.13743 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Nagaoka, H., Ohtake, M., Karouji, Y., Kayama, M., Ishihara, Y., Yamamoto, S., & Sakai, R. (2022) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115370 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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Spectroscopic and Petrographic Investigations of Lunar Mg-Suite Meteorite Northwest Africa 8687
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Radon on Mars and the Moon derived from Martian and lunar meteorites
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Bechtold, A., Brandstätter, F., Pittarello, L., Ferrière, L., Greenwood, R. C., & Koeberl, C. (2021) · Meteoritics and Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/maps.13659 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Constraints on the impactor flux to the Earth–Moon system from oxygen isotopes of the lunar regolith
Gargano, A. M., Simon, J. I., Cano, E. J., Ziegler, K., Shearer, C. K., Day, J. M. D., & Sharp, Z. D. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2531796123 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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SIMS U‐Pb dating of micro‐zircons in the lunar meteorites Dhofar 1528 and Dhofar 1627
Zhang, B., Lin, Y., Hao, J., Schrader, D. L., Wadhwa, M., Korotev, R. L., HARTMANN, W. K., & Bouvier, A. (2023) · Meteoritics and Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/maps.14078 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Petrogenesis of lunar granulitic breccia meteorites Northwest Africa 15062 and 15063
Xia, Z., Yang, B., Si, B., Chen, G., Wang, X., Chen, H., Zhang, C., & Miao, B. (2024) · Meteoritics and Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/maps.14285 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A new pair of lunar gabbroic meteorites record magma recharge at ∼ 3.0 Ga
Li, P.-Y., Jiang, Y., Zhao, K., Liao, S., Che, X., & Zhang, X. (2026) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2026.02.040 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Impact history and origin of lunar meteorite Northwest Africa 15528
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The lithologic diversity of the Moon recorded in lunar meteorites Northwest Africa 7611 and 10480
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Low‐temperature thermal and physical properties of lunar meteorites
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Petrology and shock history of hybrid lunar feldspathic–troctolitic breccia Northwest Africa 11515
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Astronomical Signals in Brightest Fireballs Fallen on Earth
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Moon’s farside near-zero paleomagnetic field suggests a global lunar dynamo cessation
Jiang, X., Su, F., Wang, H., Liu, R., Cao, T., Hu, S., Li, H., Wen, C., Chou, Y., Qin, H., et al. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adz6195
- Authors
- Korotev, R. L., & Irving, A. J.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Korotev, Randy L.
- ORCID
- Korotev, Randy L.
- Venue
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 206-240
- ISSN
- 1086-9379 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-5100
- OpenAlex
- W3011411492
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 4.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Meteoritics and Planetary Science (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX14AI65G)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Keywords
- lunar meteorites, North Africa, bulk composition, lunar breccias, Procellarum KREEP Terrane, South Pole-Aitken basin, lunar highlands, lunar crust, troctolite, lunar mare basalts, gabbro
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