Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Managing Mild Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Headaches
Abstract
Objective Headache is one of the most common debilitating chronic pain conditions in either active or retired military personnel with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). This study assessed the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in alleviating MTBI-related headache (MTBI-HA). Materials and method Veterans with MTBI-HA were randomized to receive either real rTMS (REAL group) at 10 hz for a total of 2000 pulses divided into 20 trains with one-sec inter-train interval or sham rTMS (SHAM group) at the left motor cortex (LMC) with brain magnetic resonance imaging neuronavigation guidance. Pretreatment, posttreatment one-week and four-week headache and neuropsychological assessments were conducted. Result Thirty veterans were screened and twenty four (21 men and 3 women with average year-old ± SD at 14.3 ± 12.6) subjects' data were analyzed. A two-factor (visit × treatment) repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) indicated a close to significant (p = 0.06) trend of interaction between pretreatment and posttreatment one-week assessment with the intensity of the persistent daily headache decreasing from 5.7 ± 1.9 to 2.2 ± 2.7 and 4.6 ± 1.3 to 3.5 ± 2.0 for the REAL and SHAM groups, respectively. Subsequent analyses indicated REAL group demonstrated a significantly (p = 0.041) higher % of reduction in persistent headache intensity than the SHAM group (56.3 ± 48.2% vs.15.4 ± 43.6%) at the posttreatment one-week assessment and the trend continued to…
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There is accumulating evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of TMS for sequelae of mTBI and related neuropsychiatric conditions, including depression, cognitive deficits, and chronic pain or headaches.
“There is accumulating evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of TMS for sequelae of mTBI and related neuropsychiatric conditions, including depression, cognitive deficits, and chronic pain or headaches [23-26].”
TMS has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of PTSD, chronic pain, cognitive deficits, and headaches in individuals with mTBI.
“TMS also has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), chronic pain, cognitive deficits, and headaches in individuals with mTBI [23-27].”
Studies show that both TMS and iTBS appear safe and effective when administered to other anatomical sites in individuals with mTBI.
“as studies show that both TMS and iTBS appear safe and effective when administered to other anatomical sites in individuals with mTBI [23-26].”
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References 34 · Cited by 80
- Authors
- Leung, A., Shukla, S., Fallah, A., Song, D., Lin, L., Golshan, S., Tsai, A., Jak, A., Polston, G., & Lee, R.
- Affiliations
- Veterans Health Administration (US)
- Corresponding author
- Leung, Albert
- Venue
- Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 133-141
- ISSN
- 1094-7159 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2134151866
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 1.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- VA Rehabilitation and Research Development Award
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Migraine and Headache Studies
- Keywords
- repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, mild traumatic brain injury, chronic headache, veterans, sham rTMS, headache severity, neuropsychological performance, military personnel, pain management, neuropsychological assessment, treatment safety and feasibility
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Brain Concussion, Female, Headache, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Treatment Outcome, Neuronavigation, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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