Cited by 109Digital Economy and Work TransformationLegal and Labor StudiesLabor Movements and Unions

Resisting algorithmic control: Understanding the rise and variety of platform worker mobilisations

Open access
Cini, Lorenzo·2023·New Technology, Work and Employment

Abstract

Algorithms are seen as effective for managing workers. Literature focuses mainly on the functioning and impact of algorithmic control on workers' experiences and conditions. The ways in which platform workers have organised collectively to regain control have received far less scholarly attention. This paper addresses this gap by making sense of the mobilisation dynamics of two platform‐work categories: crowdwork ( Amazon Mechanical Turk ) and work on‐demand (food‐delivery couriers). These are salient mobilisation cases, as these workers have resisted algorithmic control by adopting specific organising modes, action repertoires and collective solidarities. By analysing a combination of extant literature and policy reports concerning each category of mobilisation forms at a global level over 5 years, the study elucidates why and how these workers were able to act without the involvement of traditional trade unions by showing that specific supportive communities and political activism traditions were crucial in the rise and variety of mobilisation.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/ntwe.12257

Cites

6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 39

  1. Alberti, G. & Però, D. (2018) Migrating industrial relations: migrant workers' initiative within and outside trade unions. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 56(4), 693-715.
  2. Atzeni, M. (2021) Workers' organisations and the fetishism of the trade union form: toward new pathways for research on the labour movement? Globalizations, 18, 1349-1362. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/ 14747731.2021.1877970 · DOI
  3. Bergvall-Kåreborn, B. & Howcroft, D. (2014) Amazon Mechanical Turk and the commodification of labour. New Technology, Work and Employment, 29(3), 213-223.
  4. Cant, C. (2020) Riding for Deliveroo: resistance in the new economy. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  5. Cini, L. (2021) (Re)mobilizing labour. A lesson from recent labour struggles in Italy. Social Movement Studies, 1-8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2021.2010532 · DOI
  6. Cini, L. & Goldmann, B. (2021) The worker capabilities approach: insights from worker mobilizations in Italian logistics and food delivery. Work Employment and Society, 35(5), 948-967.
  7. Cini, L., Maccarrone, V. & Tassinari, A. (2021) With or without u(nions). Understanding the diversity of gig workers' organizing practices across european cities. European Journal of Industrial Relations, 28, 341-362. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/09596801211052531 · DOI
  8. Fieseler, C., Bucher, E. & Hoffman, C.P. (2019) Unfairness by design? The perceived fairness of digital labor on crowdworking platforms. Journal of Business Ethics, 156(4), 987-1005.
  9. Ford, M. & Honan, V. (2019) The limits of mutual aid: emerging forms of collectivity among app-based transport workers in Indonesia. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 528-548.
  10. Frege, C. & Kelly, J. (Eds.) (2004) Varieties of unionism: strategies for union revitalization in a globalizing economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  11. Gandini, A. (2019) Labour process theory and the gig economy. Human Relations, 72(6), 1039-1056.
  12. Griesbach, K., Reich, A., Elliot-Negri, L. & Milkman, R. (2019) Algorithmic control in platform food delivery work. Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, 5, 2378023119870041. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 2378023119870041 · DOI · Paper page
  13. Howcroft, D. & Bergvall-Kareborn, B. (2019) A typology of crowdwork platforms. Work, Employment and Society, 33(1), 21-38.
  14. Irani, L. (2015) Difference and dependence among digital workers: the case of Amazon Mechanical Turk. The South Atlantic Quarterly, 114(1), 225-234.
  15. Joyce, S. & Stuart, M. (2021) Digitalised management, control and resistance in platform work: a labour process analysis. In: Haidar, J. & Keune, M. (Eds.) Work and labour relations in global platform capitalism. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. pp. 158-184.
  16. Joyce, S., Stuart, M. & Ford, C. (2022) Theorising labour unrest and trade unionism in the platform economy. New Technology, Work and Employment. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12252 · DOI · Paper page
  17. Kassem, S. (2022) Labour realities at Amazon and COVID-19: obstacles and collective possibilities for its warehouse workers and MTurk workers. Global Political Economy, 1(1), 59-79.
  18. Korczynski, M. (2003) Communities of coping: collective emotional labour in service work. Organisation, 10(1), 55-79.
  19. Lei, Y.W. (2021) Delivering solidarity platform: architecture and collective contention in China's platform economy. American Sociological Review, 86(2), 279-309.
  20. Maccarrone, V., Cini, L. & Tassinari, A. (2023) Resistance and struggle in the gig economy. In: Atzeni, M., Azzellini, D., Mezzadri, A., Moore, P. & Apitzsch, U. (Eds.) Research Handbook of the global political economy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
  21. Maffie, M.D. (2020) The role of digital communities in organizing gig workers. Industrial Relations, 59(1), 123-149.
  22. McAdam, D. (1982) Political process and the development of Black insurgency. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  23. Meijerink, J. & Keegan, A. (2019) Conceptualizing human resource management in the gig economy. Toward a platform ecosystem perspective. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 34(4), 214-232.
  24. Moore, P. & Joyce, S. (2020) Black box or hidden abode? the expansion and exposure of platform work managerialism. Review of International Political Economy, 27(4), 1-23.
  25. Nowak, J. (2019) Mass strikes and social movements in Brazil and India: popular mobilization in the long depression. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  26. Nowak, J. (2021) From industrial relations research to global labour studies: moving labour research beyond Eurocentrism. Globalizations, 18, 1335-1348. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2021. 1874210 · DOI
  27. Olin Wright, E. (1979) Class structure and income determination. New York: Academic Press.
  28. Panteli, N., Rapti, A. & Scholarios, D. (2020) 'If he just knew who we were': microworkers' emerging bonds of attachment in a fragmented employment relationship. Work, Employment and Society, 34(3), 476-494.
  29. Però, D. (2019) Indie unions, organizing and labour renewal learning from precarious migrant workers. Work, Employment and Society, 34(5), 900-918.
  30. della Porta, D. & Diani, M. (2020) Social movements: an introduction. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
  31. Rizzo, M. & Atzeni, M. (2020) Workers' power in resisting precarity: comparing transport workers in Buenos Aires and Dar es Salaam. Work, Employment and Society, 34(6), 114-1130.
  32. Rothstein, S. (2022) Recoding power: tactics for mobilizing tech workers. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  33. Salehi, N., Irani, L., Bernstein, M.S., Alkhatib, A., Ogbe, E. & Milland, K., Clickhappier (2015) We are dynamo. In: Begole, B., Kim, J., Inkpen, K. & Woo, W. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems-CHI '15. New York, NY: ACM Press, pp. 1621-1630.
  34. Silver, B.J. (2003) Forces of labor. Workers' movements and globalization since 1870. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  35. Tassinari, A. & Maccarrone, V. (2020) Riders on the storm. Workplace solidarity among gig economy couriers in Italy and the UK. Work, Employment and Society, 34(1), 35-54.
  36. Vandaele, K. (2021) Collective resistance and organisational creativity amongst Europe's platform workers: a new power in the labour movement? In: Haidar, J. & Keune, M. (Eds.) Work and labour relations in global platform capitalism. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. pp. 206-235.
  37. Wood, A., Graham, M., Lehdonvirta, V. & Hjorth, I. (2019) Good gig, bad gig: autonomy and algorithmic control in the global gig economy. Work, Employment and Society, 33(1), 56-75.
  38. Wood, A., Martindale, N. & Lehdonvirta, V. (2021) Dynamics of contention in the gig economy: rage against the platform, customer or state? New Technology, Work and Employment. Available from: https://doi.org/10. 1111/ntwe.12216 · DOI · Paper page
  39. Woodcock, J. (2021) The fight against platform capitalism, An inquiry into the global struggles of the gig economy. London: University of Westminster Press.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Cini, L.
Affiliations
University College Dublin (IE)
Corresponding author
Cini, Lorenzo
Venue
New Technology, Work and Employment
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2022-09-29
Volume
38
Issue
1
Pages
125-144
ISSN
  • 0268-1072 (ISSN-L)
  • 1468-005X
OpenAlex
W4298145121
Cited by
109
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 36 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 16
FWCI
26.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • New Technology Work and Employment (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Research Repository UCD (University College Dublin) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
Irish Research eLibrary
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Digital Economy and Work Transformation
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Industrial relations › Legal and Labor Studies
  • Social Sciences › Public Administration › Labor Movements and Unions
Keywords
platform workers, algorithmic control, workers' mobilization, crowdwork, Amazon Mechanical Turk, food delivery workers, on-demand work, repertoires of action, group solidarity, trade unions, political activism, gig economy

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review