The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 13 of the 29 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Summary Research on Glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) has mainly focused on the efficacy of weight loss and not the long‐term efficacy of weight loss maintenance. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to evaluate the sustainability of weight loss of patients taking GLP‐1RAs following the discontinuation of the drug. EBSCOhost was used to simultaneously search Academic Search Premier, CINHAL Ultimate, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE with full text, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and separate PubMed search was systematically investigated using a predetermined search strategy from inception to February 1st, 2024. The authors extracted data regarding body weight change from baseline on treatment and off treatment, change in waist circumference from baseline on and off treatment, and change in BMI from baseline on and off treatment. Meta‐analysis was conducted using RevMan (version 5.4) to calculate pooled mean differences using a Der Simonian‐Laird Random Effects model. ResultsThe initial search yielded 497 relevant articles and, after screening, retained 8 randomized controlled trials comprised of 2372 participants, all with a BMI ≥ 27 kg/m 2 . After discontinuing GLP‐1RA therapy, weight regain was proportional to the original weight loss. Participants who took liraglutide regained 2.20 kg (95% CI 1.69 to 2.70, P < 0.00001), and participants taking semaglutide/tirzepatide regained 9.69 kg (95% CI 5.78 to 13.60, P < 0.00001). This systematic review and meta‐analysis show that significant weight is regained after discontinuing GLP‐1RA treatment, which should be discussed when stopping therapy. Practitioner Points Question: Does discontinuation of Glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) treatment lead to significant weight gain? Findings: In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, discontinuing GLP‐1RA treatment led to a pooled overall mean weight regain of 2.20 kg in participants taking liraglutide and 9.69 kg in those patients prescribed semaglutide/tirzepatide. The proportion of weight regained was proportional to the amount originally lost. Meaning: Discontinuation of GLP‐1RA treatment leads to weight regain, regardless of lifestyle interventions, and should therefore be considered a chronic therapy to prevent weight regain and associated undesirable outcomes related to obesity.
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This systematic review and meta-analysis of eight randomized trials found that stopping GLP-1 receptor agonists leads to significant regain of weight, waist circumference, and BMI, with larger regain after semaglutide/tirzepatide than liraglutide. The authors conclude these agents should be considered chronic therapy to maintain body habitus benefits.
Key findings
- Across 8 RCTs (2372 participants, BMI ≥27 kg/m²), discontinuation produced pooled weight regain of 2.20 kg for liraglutide (95% CI 1.69–2.70; P<0.00001; 5 studies, 1572 participants; I²=0%) and 9.69 kg for semaglutide/tirzepatide (95% CI 5.78–13.60; P<0.00001; 3 studies, 800 participants; I²=97%).
- Waist circumference increased by 1.37 cm after liraglutide cessation (4 studies, 1473 participants; I²=0%) and 5.78 cm after semaglutide/tirzepatide cessation (2 studies, 603 participants; I²=97%).
- BMI rose by 0.73 kg/m² after liraglutide cessation (3 studies, 438 participants; I²=10%) and 3.59 kg/m² after semaglutide/tirzepatide cessation (3 studies, 800 participants; I²=97%).
- The amount regained tracked the amount initially lost: liraglutide short-term regained 25.3–29.6% of lost weight and long-term 60.0–163.0%; semaglutide/tirzepatide regained 52.6–63.5%. Semaglutide/tirzepatide regain was clinically significant (6.4–13.1% body weight), while liraglutide regain was not (1.9–2.7% short-term; 1.8–4.6% long-term).
Methods
- Systematic review/meta-analysis; searched EBSCOhost databases (Academic Search Premier, CINAHL Ultimate, Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) and PubMed from inception to February 1, 2024, plus gray literature and reference lists; two reviewers screened/extracted via Covidence. Inclusion: English RCTs of patients previously on GLP-1RA; exclusions: animal studies, post-bariatric surgery, DPP-4 inhibitors, outcomes without weight.
- Included 8 RCTs (2372 participants; BMI ≥27 kg/m²): six randomized double-blind controlled trials (1769 in cessation group) and two randomized double-blind withdrawal studies (603 in cessation group). Drugs: liraglutide 3.0 mg (5 studies), semaglutide 2.4 mg (2), tirzepatide 10/15 mg (1); treatment duration 20–160 weeks; follow-up 12, 20–22, 26, 48, or 52 weeks. Lifestyle modification was used in all studies; one stopped lifestyle changes at discontinuation, others continued.
- Analysis used RevMan 5.4 with DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model to pool mean differences (95% CI); heterogeneity assessed with I²; risk of bias via Cochrane RoB 2.0 (all studies low risk); subgroups by drug and short- vs long-term follow-up.
Limitations
- Stated: pooled semaglutide/tirzepatide analyses had considerable heterogeneity (I²=97%); stepwise removal showed Rubino et al. had largest influence, and removing it reduced I² to 0% for weight and BMI. Authors attribute possible difference to follow-up length (52 vs 48 weeks) and unequal representation of semaglutide/tirzepatide versus liraglutide.
- Stated: only two semaglutide/tirzepatide studies reported waist circumference, so time-off-treatment effects could not be meta-analyzed; DerSimonian-Laird method cannot reliably estimate heterogeneity with few studies; adherence to lifestyle interventions was not consistently reported, which likely affects regain.
- Evident from text: some outcomes rested on few studies (2–3), one included trial had only 15 participants, and the review included both pediatric and adult populations with different comorbidities, which may limit generalizability. The search was also restricted to English and 2015 onward.
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Claims the paper makes
13 of 29 cited sources checked · 6 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“as early follow-up studies on GLP-1 treatment have observed that patients regain weight upon discontinuation.12”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 1 | INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [12] 12. Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Davies M, et al. Weight regain and cardi- ometabolic effects after withdrawal of semaglutide: the STEP 1 trial extension. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022;24(8):1553-1564. doi:10. 1111/dom.14725 source
The Discussion (section 4; page not provided) reports that participants regained a mean of two-thirds of their prior weight loss during the year after semaglutide withdrawal. This supports the citing sentence’s observation of weight regain after discontinuing a GLP-1 treatment. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“with the seminal STEP 8 clinical trial reporting semaglutide at the maximal dose of 2.4 mg had a statistically significant greater effect on reduction in body weight from baseline when compared to the maximal dose of liraglutide (3.0 mg) 3”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 1 | INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [3] 3. Rubino DM, Greenway FL, Khalid U, et al. Effect of weekly subcuta- neous Semaglutide vs daily Liraglutide on body weight in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes: the STEP 8 randomized clini- cal trial. Jama. 2022;327(2):138-150. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.23619 source
The Procedures section identifies the STEP 8 doses as semaglutide 2.4 mg and liraglutide 3.0 mg. The Primary Outcome section reports significantly greater weight loss from baseline with semaglutide at week 68 (−15.8% vs −6.4%; P < .001). (LLM, conf=0.94)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Of the GLP-1RAs, semaglutide and liraglutide have the most significant effect on weight loss, 2”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 1 | INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [2] 2. Trujillo JM, Nuffer W, Smith BA. GLP-1 receptor agonists: an updated review of head-to-head clinical studies. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2021;12:2042018821997320. doi:10.1177/2042018821997320 source
The Discussion ranks weight-loss effects from greatest to least as semaglutide, liraglutide, then the other GLP-1 receptor agonists. This directly supports identifying semaglutide and liraglutide as the two with the greatest weight-loss effects, while distinguishing semaglutide as the leader. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Finally, the Der Simonian and Laird meta-analysis methodology cannot reliably estimate heterogeneity when analyzing only a few studies.43”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 4.2 | Strengths and Limitations of our study
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [43] source
The Introduction states that between-study heterogeneity cannot be reliably estimated with very few studies (2–4) and identifies the DerSimonian–Laird method as having unfavorable statistical properties in that setting. The ‘Meta-analysis assuming random effects’ section adds that the method ignores uncertainty in estimating between-study variance. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“two studies did observe worsening of cardiovascular biomarkers after discontinuing GLP-1RA therapy.5,12”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 4.1 | Summary of key findings
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [5] 5. Rubino D, Abrahamsson N, Davies M, et al. Effect of continued weekly subcutaneous Semaglutide vs placebo on weight loss mainte- nance in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 4 randomized clinical trial. Jama. 2021;325(14):1414-1425. doi:10.1001/jama.2021. 3224 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The available passages contain only author and publication information (pp. A63–A64), not study results. Searches for cardiovascular biomarkers after GLP-1RA discontinuation and for blood pressure, lipids, and semaglutide withdrawal found no substantive passage, so our copy cannot verify this attribution. (LLM, conf=0.72)
- Supportedcites [12] 12. Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Davies M, et al. Weight regain and cardi- ometabolic effects after withdrawal of semaglutide: the STEP 1 trial extension. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022;24(8):1553-1564. doi:10. 1111/dom.14725 source
The Results (passage [3]; page not provided) report that blood pressure, CRP and lipids increased after semaglutide withdrawal. This paper supports the claim as one of the two cited studies; it also notes that some cardiometabolic measures remained improved relative to baseline or placebo. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Could not verify
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, the proportion of waist circumference regained from the cessation of treatment to the end of the study was not similar to the proportion of weight and BMI regained.”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 4.1 | Summary of key findings
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pooled data for liraglutide discontinuation were homogonous (I 2 = 0%)”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 3.4 | GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment vs discontinuation: mean weight
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pooled overall increase for waist circumference between weeks 48 and 52 of semaglutide/tirzepatide discontinuation, was significant at 5.78 cm”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 3.5 | GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment VS discontinuation: mean waist circumference
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pooled overall mean increase of BMI after liraglutide discontinuation was highly significant at 0.73 (kg/m 2 ).”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 3.6 | GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment VS discontinuation: mean body mass index (BMI)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Mean weight regain was assessed after discontinuing semaglutide/ tirzepatide in 3 studies that included 800 participants”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 3.4 | GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment vs discontinuation: mean weight
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 12
- It may state two separate claims as one. 24
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Recently, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling, including data from three randomized controlled trials, predicted how much weight one would lose on GLP-1RA treatment and how much a patient would regain after discontinuation.13”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 1 | INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [13] 13. Papathanasiou T, Strathe A, Agersø H, Lund TM, Overgaard RV. Impact of dose-escalation schemes and drug discontinuation on weight loss outcomes with liraglutide 3.0 mg: a model-based approach. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22(6):969-977. doi:10.1111/ dom.13985 source
The Methods (Data description) state that a population PK/PD model for liraglutide-induced weight loss used data from three randomized controlled trials. The Results (Pharmacodynamic model) report model-predicted weight-loss and post-treatment weight-regain trajectories; the Discussion says the model accurately predicted regain after discontinuation of liraglutide 3.0 mg. The source concerns liraglutide specifically, rather than GLP-1 receptor agonists as a class. (LLM, conf=0.92)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, no satisfactory universal method is currently available to perform meta-analyses in the case of very few studies, and other studies have suggested that given the sample size of these data, the random effects model as employed is among the best methodology.43,44”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 4.2 | Strengths and Limitations of our study
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [43] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion states that no satisfactory universal method exists for meta-analysis with very few studies. The Conclusions recommend random-effects meta-analysis when heterogeneity is expected and pooling remains meaningful, but say method choice is case-by-case; the paper does not establish that the citing study’s model is among the best simply given its sample size. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [44] source
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“GIPs have a similar method of action as GLP-1RAs and, when combined, create a synergistic effect resulting in increased weight loss similar in effect to those observed with semaglutide.4,5”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 1 | INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] 4. Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al. Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(3):205-216. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206038 source
- Could not verifycites [5] 5. Rubino D, Abrahamsson N, Davies M, et al. Effect of continued weekly subcutaneous Semaglutide vs placebo on weight loss mainte- nance in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 4 randomized clinical trial. Jama. 2021;325(14):1414-1425. doi:10.1001/jama.2021. 3224 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The available passages are author and publication metadata (pp. A63–A64), not study findings. Searches for GIP, combined GLP-1/GIP action, synergy, and comparative weight loss returned no substantive passage, so our copy cannot verify the attributed claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Roughly, 50% of persons with type 2 diabetes and 68% of those engaging in weight loss care who start a GLP-1RA are reported to discontinue treatment after 1 year.6,7”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 1 | INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6] 6. Leach J. Real-World Analysis of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonist (GLP-1a) Obesity Treatment One Year Cost-Effectiveness and Ther- apy Adherence. Prime Therapeutics Published online 2023. Accessed October 6, 2024. https://www.shpnc.org/media/3334/download? attachment
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites [7] 7. Weiss T, Carr RD, Pal S, et al. Real-world adherence and discontinua- tion of glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonists therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the United States. Patient Prefer Adher- ence. 2020;14:2337-2345. doi:10.2147/PPA.S277676 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results > Discontinuation section reports that 47.7% of patients with type 2 diabetes discontinued GLP-1RA therapy by 12 months, supporting the roughly 50% figure. This paper does not report a one-year discontinuation rate for people in weight-loss care, so it does not support the 68% figure. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Excess visceral adipose tissue can pose a threat to cardiovascular health and is linked to worsening cardiovascular biomarkers.28,29”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 4.1 | Summary of key findings
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [28] 28. Konwar M, Bose D, Jaiswal SK, Maurya M, kumar, Ravi R. Efficacy and safety of Liraglutide 3.0 mg in patients with overweight and obese with or without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analy- sis. Int J Clin Pract. 2022;2022:1201977. doi:10.1155/2022/1201977 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Background states that obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, supporting the general cardiovascular-health concern. It does not specifically link excess visceral adipose tissue to worsening cardiovascular biomarkers; the Results instead report changes in body weight and waist circumference. (LLM, conf=0.83)
- Could not verifycites [29] 29. Jensen SBK, Blond MB, Sandsdal RM, et al. Healthy weight loss main- tenance with exercise, GLP-1 receptor agonist, or both combined fol- lowed by one year without treatment: a post-treatment analysis of a randomised placebo-controlled trial. eClinicalMedicine. 2024;69: 102475. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102475 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods and Results (pages unavailable) report waist circumference, total fat mass, and metabolic measures, but do not identify visceral adipose tissue or link excess visceral fat to worsening cardiovascular biomarkers. Searches for “visceral,” “abdominal obesity,” and cardiovascular risk terms found no passage establishing the claimed relationship. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Since waist circumference is not proportional to weight and BMI regain for semaglutide and liraglutide, this could mean that although weight is regained, the adipose tissue may be dispersed in other forms, for instance as visceral, not subcutaneous, causing the appearance of waist circumference gain to be less apparent.28”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 4.1 | Summary of key findings
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [28] 28. Konwar M, Bose D, Jaiswal SK, Maurya M, kumar, Ravi R. Efficacy and safety of Liraglutide 3.0 mg in patients with overweight and obese with or without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analy- sis. Int J Clin Pract. 2022;2022:1201977. doi:10.1155/2022/1201977 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods (§2.5) and Results (§3.4; page unavailable) report changes in weight, BMI, and waist circumference during liraglutide treatment, not how those measures change during weight regain. Searches for regain, semaglutide, and visceral versus subcutaneous fat found no passage assessing the claimed disproportion or proposed fat redistribution. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All studies used lifestyle changes such as a low-calorie diet and increased physical activity with the treatment and placebo groups.”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 3.2 | Study characteristics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pooled data on semaglutide/tirzepatide discontinuation had considerable heterogeneity (97%)”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 3.6 | GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment VS discontinuation: mean body mass index (BMI)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Tirzepatide did not have the same effect and participants regained 47.7% of the waist circumference that was originally lost which was proportional to the weight and BMI regain.”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 4.1 | Summary of key findings
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mean change in BMI after semaglutide/tirzepatide treatment discontinuation was measured in 3 studies and included 800 participants who originally lost between 4 and 7.9 kg/m 2”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 3.6 | GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment VS discontinuation: mean body mass index (BMI)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“During the off-treatment periods, one study stopped all lifestyle modifications in addition to the interventions.12,23 All other studies continued lifestyle modifications during the offtreatment periods.”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 3.2 | Study characteristics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mean change in waist circumference from baseline after liraglutide discontinuation was measured in 4 studies and included 1473 participants who originally lost between 5.6 and 9.4 cm”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 3.5 | GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment VS discontinuation: mean waist circumference
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The mean change in waist circumference from baseline after semaglutide/tirzepatide discontinuation was measured in 2 studies and included 603 participants who originally lost between 10.1 and 17.4 cm”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 3.5 | GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment VS discontinuation: mean waist circumference
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After Liraglutide discontinuation, the pooled overall waist circumference regain was significant at 1.37 cm and homogonous (I 2 = 0%)”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 3.5 | GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment VS discontinuation: mean waist circumference
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“After liraglutide discontinuation, between 16.1% and 18.4% of waist circumference was regained in the short term, and 19.6% was regained in the long term.”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 4.1 | Summary of key findings
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The database search yielded 497 results, with 16 full-text articles and 1 conference abstract screened for eligibility.”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 3.1 | Study selection
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All studies except Kelly et al (who had personalized nutrition counseling) employed the World Health Organization exercise and diet guidelines for lifestyle interventions and provided advice from a dietician or nutritionist; additionally, participants were encouraged to engage in 150 minutes of high-intensity exercise per week, and except for Wilding et al, to continue these after stopping”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 4.1 | Summary of key findings
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Six were randomized, doubleblind, controlled trials with 1769 participants in the drug cessation group.”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 3.2 | Study characteristics
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 1,769Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The initial search yielded 497 relevant articles and, after screening, retained 8 randomized controlled trials comprised of 2372 participants, all with a BMI ≥ 27 kg/m 2 .”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A stepwise removal of studies was performed to identify causes of heterogeneity.Rubino et al 5 had the largest influence, and when removed, the I 2 was 0% for both the weight regain and BMI pooled analyses.”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 5 | CONCLUSION
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The percentage of weight regained in the Liraglutide studies was not clinically significant, ranging from 1.9% to 2.7% short-term and 1.8 to 4.6% long-term.”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 4.1 | Summary of key findings
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Semaglutide or tirzepatide discontinuation causes a clinically meaningful weight regain, which was proportional to the original weight loss.”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 5 | CONCLUSION
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Meta-analysis shows calorie deficit is the primary weight loss driver, followed by macronutrient composition”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 4.1 | Summary of key findings
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [27] 27. Tan B, Pan XH, Chew HSJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide for treatment of overweight or obesity. A systematic review and meta- analysis. Int J Obes (Lond). 2023;47(8):677-685. doi:10.1038/s41366- 023-01321-5 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The weight regain shown, in addition to lifestyle modifications being continued in six 5,[19][20][21]23,24 of the eight studies, shows that weight loss was not sustainable with long-term discontinuation of GLP-1RA therapy.”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 4.1 | Summary of key findings
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Participants in the included studies adhered to the lifestyle interventions during off-treatment periods sufficiently to test whether weight regain occurs despite lifestyle changes.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The review protocol was prospectively registered with INPLASY (DOI number: 10.37766/inplasy2024.”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 2 | METHODS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized controlled trials (RoB 2.0).”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 2 | METHODS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two independent reviewers (SB and HL) screened titles and abstracts for eligibility based on the following inclusion criteria”
- Also stated in: § 5 | CONCLUSION · plain
“Full-text articles that met inclusion and exclusion criteria were extracted for systematic review through the Covidence platform by two independent reviewers (SB and HL).”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 5 | CONCLUSION
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § 5 | CONCLUSION · plain
In the paper
“Tirzepatide is a dual GLP-1RA and glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) co-agonist, otherwise known as GIP/GLP-1RA.4”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 1 | INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] 4. Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al. Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(3):205-216. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206038 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Data from other meta-analyses suggest that semaglutide yields a mean weight reduction of 11.62 kg, tirzepatide 12.47 kg, and liraglutide 5.04 kg for liraglutide.11,31,32”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 4.1 | Summary of key findings
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] 11. Arastu N, Cummins O, Uribe W, Nemec EC. Efficacy of subcutaneous semaglutide compared to placebo for weight loss in obese, non- diabetic adults: a systematic review & meta-analysis. Int J Clin Phar- macol. 2022;44(4):852-859. doi:10.1007/s11096-022-01428-1 source
- Not matchedcites [31] 31. Hinton E, Williams E, Raphael J, et al. 50 State Medicaid Budget Sur- vey Fiscal Years 2023-2024 -Pharmacy -10244. KFF November 14, 2023. Accessed February 4, 2024. https://www.kff.org/report- section/50-state-medicaid-budget-survey-fy-2023-2024-pharmacy/
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [32] 32. Medicare to Cover Weight-Loss Drug Wegovy for Certain Patients. March 21, 2024. Accessed March 23, 2024. https://www. medpagetoday.com/publichealthpolicy/medicare/109305
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This review had a robust sample size, including studies with a low risk of bias”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 4.2 | Strengths and Limitations of our study
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is possible that minimal weight loss affected the clinical significance of long-term weight regain”
§ Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis > 4.1 | Summary of key findings
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Participants in the included studies adhered to the lifestyle interventions during off-treatment periods sufficiently to test whether weight regain occurs despite lifestyle changes.
“Thus, if participants continued lifestyle modifications as they were encouraged to do, they theoretically should have been able to keep the weight off.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The withdrawal or placebo groups in the included randomized trials are a valid proxy for real-world discontinuation of GLP-1 receptor agonists.
“These studies randomized participants to continue treatment with GLP-1RA or a placebo injection with subsequent patient follow-up.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The populations in the included trials are representative of patients who discontinue GLP-1 receptor agonists in clinical practice.
“While all articles had participants who were obese or overweight, each article focused on a specific comorbidity, which included either type 2 diabetes, 20 pre-diabetes, 21 obesity, 5,12,19,22,23 or obesity with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.24”
The paper relies on this without support.
How well patients follow prescribed lifestyle changes probably affects how much weight they regain after stopping GLP-1 receptor agonists.
“This is a significant limitation, as adherence to prescribed lifestyle changes likely influences weight regain after GLP-1RA discontinuation.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A six-week difference in follow-up length is not expected to be clinically important.
“We did not expect 6 weeks to make a clinically significant difference.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Consequently, the abrupt resurgence of intrusive food-related cognitions upon a missed dose or discontinuation can be profoundly distressing, frequently precipitating rapid weight regain and a sense of treatment failure [61,62].”
From Adherence and Persistence with GLP-1-Based Therapies: International Real-World Evidence and the Role of Nutritional and Lifestyle Support—A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [61]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Previous meta-analyses have consistently demonstrated the phenomenon of weight regain following the discontinuation of GLP-1 receptor agonists or other anti-obesity medications.”
From Metabolic rebound after GLP-1 receptor agonist discontinuation: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“One study systematically quantified the rebound of body habitus after cessation of GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy, showing that approximately 50–60% of the lost weight was regained within one year.33”
From Metabolic rebound after GLP-1 receptor agonist discontinuation: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“In contrast, hormonal changes, including a rise in soluble leptin receptor and sustained free leptin levels, reverse more gradually, which is further followed by behavioral effects.33”
From Metabolic rebound after GLP-1 receptor agonist discontinuation: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“Weight regain is a common phenomenon after discontinuation of GLP-1 RAs, suggesting that the therapeutic benefits largely depend on treatment and subsequent management.”
From GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Obesity Management in Older Adults: A Scoping Review on the Risk of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity (2026) · cites this paper as [101]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, a recent meta-analysis reported that, while proportional to initial loss and varying by type of AOM, weight regain can range from 2.2 kg to 9.7 kg [101].”
From GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Obesity Management in Older Adults: A Scoping Review on the Risk of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity (2026) · cites this paper as [101]
In the citing paper
“cessation of GLP-1 treatment is associated with marked weight regain, as highlighted in a recent meta-analysis of eight randomised controlled trials”
From Weighing the risk of GLP-1 treatment in older adults: Should we be concerned about sarcopenic obesity? (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“participants taking semaglutide/tirzepatide regained 9.69 kg (95% CI 5.78, 13.60) over 48–52 weeks [4]”
From Weighing the risk of GLP-1 treatment in older adults: Should we be concerned about sarcopenic obesity? (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Two reviews9,10 reported weight regain after GLP-1RA cessation but neither modelled the trajectory of weight over time.”
From Trajectory of weight regain after cessation of GLP-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and nonlinear meta-regression (2026) · cites this paper as [9]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
The same study is listed as both stopping and continuing lifestyle changes
MinorStudy 23 is cited among the studies that stopped lifestyle modifications during follow-up and among those that continued them.
“During the off-treatment periods, one study stopped all lifestyle modifications in addition to the interventions.12,23”
“All other studies continued lifestyle modifications during the offtreatment periods.5,[19][20][21]23,24”
Figure 3b is labeled with the wrong body-size measure
MinorThe results identify Figure 3b as the liraglutide BMI analysis, while its caption describes a waist-circumference analysis in centimetres.
“The pooled overall mean increase of BMI after liraglutide discontinuation was highly significant at 0.73 (kg/m 2 ).The pooled data on liraglutide discontinuation was homogonous (I 2 = 10%) (Figure 3b).”
“b.Mean difference of change in waist circumference (cm) from baseline of liraglutide treatment versus discontinuation.”
The publication-date range excludes an included study
MinorThe stated publication range ends in December 2023, but the study-characteristics table identifies an included study as published in 2024.
“The eight studies utilized in this review were published between July 2015 and December 2023.”
“Aronne, 2024.19 Randomized Controlled Withdrawal Study”
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
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Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity
Jastreboff, A. M., Aronne, L. J., Ahmad, N. N., Wharton, S., Connery, L., Alves, B., Kiyosue, A., Zhang, S., Liu, B., Bunck, M. C., et al. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2206038 · Cited by 3,838
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management
Pi-Sunyer, X., Astrup, A., Fujioka, K., Greenway, F., Halpern, A., Krempf, M., Lau, D. C. W., le Roux, C. W., Violante Ortiz, R., Jensen, C. B., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1411892 · Cited by 2,724
Rubino, D., Abrahamsson, N., Davies, M., Hesse, D., Greenway, F. L., Jensen, C., Lingvay, I., Mosenzon, O., Rosenstock, J., Rubio, M. A., et al. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.3224 · Cited by 1,444 · cited 6×
“The risk of bias of included articles was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized controlled trials (RoB 2.0) 26 and assessed as low for all studies 5,12,19 – 24 (see Figure S2).”
InfluentialDavies, M. J., Bergenstal, R., Bode, B., Kushner, R. F., Lewin, A., Skjøth, T. V., Andreasen, A. H., Jensen, C. B., DeFronzo, R. A., & for the NN8022-1922 Study Group (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.9676 · Cited by 1,198
Wilding, J. P. H., Batterham, R. L., Davies, M., Van Gaal, L. F., Kandler, K., Konakli, K., Lingvay, I., McGowan, B. M., Oral, T. K., Rosenstock, J., et al. (2022) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14725 · Cited by 1,128 · cited 6×
“12 Recently, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling, including data from three randomized controlled trials, predicted how much weight one would lose on GLP-1RA treatment and how much a patient would regain after discontinuation.”
InfluentialRubino, D. M., Greenway, F. L., Khalid, U., O’Neil, P. M., Rosenstock, J., Sørrig, R., Wadden, T. A., Wizert, A., Garvey, W. T., STEP 8 Investigators, et al. (2022) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.23619 · Cited by 995
Two-year effects of semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 5 trial
Garvey, W. T., Batterham, R. L., Bhatta, M., Buscemi, S., Christensen, L. N., Frias, J. P., Jódar, E., Kandler, K., Rigas, G., Wadden, T. A., et al. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02026-4 · Cited by 868
Aronne, L. J., Sattar, N., Horn, D. B., Bays, H. E., Wharton, S., Lin, W.-Y., Ahmad, N. N., Zhang, S., Liao, R., Bunck, M. C., et al. (2024) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2023.24945 · Cited by 860
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 35 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Wholesale acquisition cost of Liraglutide Semaglutide and Tirzepatide. CardinalHealth. Accessed February 8 2024.https://www.elsevier.com/products/prospectorx
- Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity|NEJM. Accessed February 8 2024.10.1056/NEJMoa2206038 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
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Neue Medikamente zur Gewichtsreduktion – ethische Herausforderungen
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Neue Medikamente zur Gewichtsreduktion – ethische Herausforderungen
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Tejera-Perez, C., Torrente, L., Porca, C., Bellido, D., & Crujeiras, A. B. (2026) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-026-10070-5 · Cited by 1
Association of Glucagon‐Like Peptide—1 Receptor Analogues and Laryngeal Symptoms in Obese Adults
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Metadata
- Authors
- Berg, S., Stickle, H., Rose, S. J., & Nemec, E. C.
- Affiliations
- Sacred Heart University (US)
- Stamford Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nemec, Eric C.
- Venue
- Obesity Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2025-04-04
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e13929-e13929
- ISSN
- 1467-7881 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-789X
- OpenAlex
- W4409189297
- Semantic Scholar
- 6f4739138b424b528cafdae0a49c7b35d605ff93
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 81 · 2025: 30
- FWCI
- 14.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Obesity Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Keywords
- GLP-1 receptor agonists, weight regain, weight loss maintenance, drug discontinuation, liraglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, obesity, body mass index, waist circumference, body build, weight loss sustainability, antipsychotic-induced weight gain, antipsychotic-induced akathisia, antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia
- MeSH terms
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Obesity, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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