ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Management of cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes in children and adolescents
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a common comorbidity in people with cystic fibrosis, occurring in about 20% of adolescents and 40-50% of adults.
“Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a common comorbidity in people with cystic fibrosis, occurring in about 20% of adolescents and 40-50% of adults (127).”
From 2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [127]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Elexacaftor–Tezacaftor–Ivacaftor for Cystic Fibrosis with a Single Phe508del Allele
Middleton, P. G., Mall, M. A., Dřevínek, P., Lands, L. C., McKone, E. F., Polineni, D., Ramsey, B. W., Taylor-Cousar, J. L., Tullis, E., Vermeulen, F., et al. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1908639 · Cited by 2,198 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Quon, B. S., Mayer-Hamblett, N., Aitken, M. L., Smyth, A. R., & Goss, C. H. (2011) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201105-0932oc · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Ballmann, M., Hubert, D., Assael, B. M., Staab, D., Hebestreit, A., Naehrlich, L., Nickolay, T., Prinz, N., Holl, R. W., Staden, U., et al. (2018) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30400-x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 175
- [1]Ibarra‐Gonzalez I, Campos‐Garcia FJ, Herrera‐Perez LDA, et al. Newborn cystic fibrosis screening in southeastern Mexico: birth prevalence and novel CFTR gene variants. J Med Screen. 2018; 25(3): 119‐ 125. doi: 10.1177/0969141317722808 28992757 · DOI
- [2]Chamnan P, Shine BS, Haworth CS, Bilton D, Adler AI. Diabetes as a determinant of mortality in cystic fibrosis. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33(2): 311‐ 316. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1215 19918014 PMC2809272 · DOI
- [3]Milla CE, Warwick WJ, Moran A. Trends in pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis correlate with the degree of glucose intolerance at baseline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000; 162(3 Pt 1): 891‐ 895. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.9904075 10988101 · DOI
- [4]Lewis C, Blackman SM, Nelson A, et al. Diabetes‐related mortality in adults with cystic fibrosis. Role of genotype and sex. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015; 191(2): 194‐ 200. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201403-0576OC 25479583 PMC4347432 · DOI
- [5]Moran A, Brunzell C, Cohen RC, et al. Clinical care guidelines for cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and a clinical practice guideline of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, endorsed by the pediatric Endocrine Society. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33(12): 2697‐ 2708. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1768 21115772 PMC2992215 · DOI
- [6]Lanng S, Hansen A, Thorsteinsson B, Nerup J, Koch C. Glucose tolerance in patients with cystic fibrosis: five year prospective study. BMJ. 1995; 311(7006): 655‐ 659. 7549632 PMC2551427
- [7]Chan CL, Hope E, Thurston J, et al. Hemoglobin A1c accurately predicts continuous glucose monitoring‐derived average glucose in youth and young adults with cystic fibrosis. Diabetes Care. 2018; 41(7): 1406‐ 1413. doi: 10.2337/dc17-2419 29674323 PMC6014540 · DOI
- [8]Moran A, Diem P, Klein DJ, Levitt MD, Robertson RP. Pancreatic endocrine function in cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr. 1991; 118(5): 715‐ 723. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)80032-0 2019925 · DOI
- [9]Wooldridge JL, Szczesniak RD, Fenchel MC, Elder DA. Insulin secretion abnormalities in exocrine pancreatic sufficient cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros. 2015; 14(6): 792‐ 797. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.02.009 25754095 PMC4561041 · DOI
- [10]Moreau F, Weiller MA, Rosner V, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring in cystic fibrosis patients according to the glucose tolerance. Horm Metab Res. 2008; 40(7): 502‐ 506. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1062723 18415892 · DOI
- [11]Dobson L, Sheldon CD, Hattersley AT. Conventional measures underestimate glycaemia in cystic fibrosis patients. Diabet Med. 2004; 21(7): 691‐ 696. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01219.x 15209760 · DOI
- [12]O'Riordan SM, Hindmarsh P, Hill NR, et al. Validation of continuous glucose monitoring in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis: a prospective cohort study. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32(6): 1020‐ 1022. doi: 10.2337/dc08-1925 19279304 PMC2681016 · DOI
- [13]Scheuing N, Holl RW, Dockter G, et al. Diabetes in cystic fibrosis: multicenter screening results based on current guidelines. PLoS One. 2013; 8(12): e81545. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081545 24324701 PMC3855692 · DOI
- [14]Frohnert BI, Ode KL, Moran A, et al. Impaired fasting glucose in cystic fibrosis. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33(12): 2660‐ 2664. doi: 10.2337/dc10-0613 21115768 PMC2992208 · DOI
- [15]Schwarzenberg SJ, Thomas W, Olsen TW, et al. Microvascular complications in cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30(5): 1056‐ 1061. doi: 10.2337/dc06-1576 17322485 · DOI
- [16]Piona C, Volpi S, Zusi C, et al. Glucose tolerance stages in cystic fibrosis are identified by a unique pattern of defects of Beta‐cell function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021; 106(4): e1793‐ e1802. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa932 33331877 · DOI
- [17]Scheuing N, Holl RW, Dockter G, et al. High variability in oral glucose tolerance among 1,128 patients with cystic fibrosis: a multicenter screening study. PLoS One. 2014; 9(11): e112578. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112578 25393021 PMC4231037 · DOI
- [18]Sterescu AE, Rhodes B, Jackson R, et al. Natural history of glucose intolerance in patients with cystic fibrosis: ten‐year prospective observation program. J Pediatr. 2010; 156(4): 613‐ 617. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.10.019 19962154 · DOI
- [19]Hardin DS, Rice J, Cohen RC, Ellis KJ, Nick JA. The metabolic effects of pregnancy in cystic fibrosis. Obstet Gynecol. 2005; 106(2): 367‐ 375. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000172421.04007.74 16055589 · DOI
- [20]Olesen HV, Drevinek P, Gulmans VA, et al. Cystic fibrosis related diabetes in Europe: prevalence, risk factors and outcome; Olesen et al. J Cyst Fibros. 2020; 19(2): 321‐ 327. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.10.009 31680042 · DOI · Paper page
- [21]Foundation CF. Annual Data Report. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry; 2020: 2021.
- [22]Moran A, Dunitz J, Nathan B, Saeed A, Holme B, Thomas W. Cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes: current trends in prevalence, incidence, and mortality. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32(9): 1626‐ 1631. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0586 19542209 PMC2732133 · DOI
- [23]Iannucci A, Mukai K, Johnson D, Burke B. Endocrine pancreas in cystic fibrosis: an immunohistochemical study. Hum Pathol. 1984; 15(3): 278‐ 284. doi: 10.1016/s0046-8177(84)80191-4 6365738 · DOI
- [24]Lohr M, Goertchem P, Nizze H, et al. CF associated islet changes may provide a basis for diabetes. Virchows Archiv A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1989; 414: 179‐ 185. 2492695
- [25]Couce M, O'Brien TD, Moran A, Roche PC, Butler PC. Diabetes mellitus in cystic fibrosis is characterized by islet amyloidosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996; 81(3): 1267‐ 1272. doi: 10.1210/jcem.81.3.8772610 8772610 · DOI
- [26]Bogdani M, Blackman SM, Ridaura C, Bellocq JP, Powers AC, Aguilar‐Bryan L. Structural abnormalities in islets from very young children with cystic fibrosis may contribute to cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes. Sci Rep. 2017; 7: 17231. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17404-z 29222447 PMC5722914 · DOI
- [27]Hart NJ, Aramandla R, Poffenberger G, et al. Cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes is caused by islet loss and inflammation. JCI Insight. 2018; 3(8): e98240. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.98240 29669939 PMC5931120 · DOI
- [28]Hull RL, Gibson RL, McNamara S, et al. Islet interleukin‐1beta Immunoreactivity is an early feature of cystic fibrosis that may contribute to beta‐cell failure. Diabetes Care. 2018; 41(4): 823‐ 830. doi: 10.2337/dc17-1387 29437698 PMC5860832 · DOI
- [29]Gottlieb PA, Yu L, Babu S, et al. No relation between cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes and type 1 diabetes autoimmunity. Diabetes Care. 2012; 35(8): e57. doi: 10.2337/dc11-2327 22826450 PMC3402258 · DOI
- [30]Bismuth E, Laborde K, Taupin P, et al. Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion, morbidity, and death in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr. 2008; 152(4): 540‐ 545, 545 e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.09.025 18346512 · DOI
- [31]Holl RW, Wolf A, Thon A, et al. Insulin resistance with altered secretory kinetics and reduced proinsulin in cystic fibrosis patients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1997; 25(2): 188‐ 193. doi: 10.1097/00005176-199708000-00010 9252906 · DOI
- [32]Lanng S, Thorsteinsson B, Pociot F, et al. Diabetes mellitus in cystic fibrosis: genetic and immunological markers. Acta Paediatr. 1993; 82(2): 150‐ 154. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12628.x 8097419 · DOI
- [33]De Schepper J, Dab I, Derde MP, Loeb H. Oral glucose tolerance testing in cystic fibrosis: correlations with clinical parameters and glycosylated haemoglobin determinations. Eur J Pediatr. 1991; 150(6): 403‐ 406. doi: 10.1007/bf02093718 2040347 · DOI
- [34]Battezzati A, Mari A, Zazzeron L, et al. Identification of insulin secretory defects and insulin resistance during oral glucose tolerance test in a cohort of cystic fibrosis patients. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011; 165(1): 69‐ 76. doi: 10.1530/EJE-10-1003 21502328 · DOI
- [35]Hamdi I, Payne SJ, Barton DE, et al. Genotype analysis in cystic fibrosis in relation to the occurrence of diabetes mellitus. Clin Genet. 1993; 43(4): 186‐ 189. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1993.tb04445.x 7687208 · DOI
- [36]Yi Y, Norris AW, Wang K, et al. Abnormal glucose tolerance in infants and young children with cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016; 194(8): 974‐ 980. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201512-2518OC 27447840 PMC5067820 · DOI
- [37]Sheikh S, Gudipaty L, De Leon DD, et al. Reduced beta‐cell secretory capacity in pancreatic‐insufficient, but not pancreatic‐sufficient, cystic fibrosis despite Normal glucose tolerance. Diabetes. 2017; 66(1): 134‐ 144. doi: 10.2337/db16-0394 27495225 PMC5204312 · DOI
- [38]Lanng S, Thorsteinsson B, Roder ME, Nerup J, Koch C. Insulin sensitivity and insulin clearance in cystic fibrosis patients with normal and diabetic glucose tolerance. Clin Endocrinol. 1994; 41(2): 217‐ 223. 7923827
- [39]Moran A, Pyzdrowski KL, Weinreb J, et al. Insulin sensitivity in cystic fibrosis. Diabetes. 1994; 43(8): 1020‐ 1026. doi: 10.2337/diab.43.8.1020 8039595 · DOI
- [40]Hardin DS, LeBlanc A, Para L, Seilheimer DK. Hepatic insulin resistance and defects in substrate utilization in cystic fibrosis. Diabetes. 1999; 48(5): 1082‐ 1087. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.48.5.1082 10331413 · DOI
- [41]Cucinotta D, De Luca F, Gigante A, et al. No changes of insulin sensitivity in cystic fibrosis patients with different degrees of glucose tolerance: an epidemiological and longitudinal study. Eur J Endocrinol. 1994; 130(3): 253‐ 258. doi: 10.1530/eje.0.1300253 8156098 · DOI
- [42]Colomba J, Boudreau V, Lehoux‐Dubois C, et al. The main mechanism associated with progression of glucose intolerance in older patients with cystic fibrosis is insulin resistance and not reduced insulin secretion capacity. J Cyst Fibros. 2019; 18(4): 551‐ 556. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.01.009 30711385 · DOI
- [43]Kutney KA, Sandouk Z, Desimone M, Moheet A. Obesity in cystic fibrosis. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2021; 26: 100276. doi: 10.1016/j.jcte.2021.100276 34868883 PMC8626670 · DOI
- [44]Lam AN, Aksit MA, Vecchio‐Pagan B, et al. Increased expression of anion transporter SLC26A9 delays diabetes onset in cystic fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 2020; 130(1): 272‐ 286. doi: 10.1172/JCI129833 31581148 PMC6934211 · DOI
- [45]Segerstolpe A, Palasantza A, Eliasson P, et al. Single‐cell transcriptome profiling of human pancreatic islets in health and type 2 diabetes. Cell Metab. 2016; 24(4): 593‐ 607. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.08.020 27667667 PMC5069352 · DOI · Paper page
- [46]Baron M, Veres A, Wolock SL, et al. A single‐cell transcriptomic map of the human and mouse pancreas reveals inter‐ and intra‐cell population structure. Cell Syst. 2016; 3(4): 346‐ 360 e4. doi: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.08.011 27667365 PMC5228327 · DOI · Paper page
- [47]Sun X, Yi Y, Xie W, et al. CFTR influences Beta cell function and insulin secretion through non‐cell autonomous exocrine‐derived factors. Endocrinology. 2017; 158(10): 3325‐ 3338. doi: 10.1210/en.2017-00187 28977592 PMC5659686 · DOI
- [48]Edlund A, Esguerra JL, Wendt A, Flodstrom‐Tullberg M, Eliasson L. CFTR and anoctamin 1 (ANO1) contribute to cAMP amplified exocytosis and insulin secretion in human and murine pancreatic beta‐cells. BMC Med. 2014; 12: 87. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-12-87 24885604 PMC4035698 · DOI
- [49]Scully KJ, Marchetti P, Sawicki GS, et al. The effect of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) on glycemia in adults with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2021; 21: 258‐ 263. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.09.001 34531155 PMC8918034 · DOI
- [50]Kelly A, De Leon DD, Sheikh S, et al. Islet hormone and Incretin secretion in cystic fibrosis after four months of Ivacaftor therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019; 199(3): 342‐ 351. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201806-1018OC 30130412 PMC6835076 · DOI
- [51]Volkova N, Moy K, Evans J, et al. Disease progression in patients with cystic fibrosis treated with ivacaftor: data from national US and UK registries. J Cyst Fibros. 2020; 19(1): 68‐ 79. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.05.015 31196670 · DOI · Paper page
- [52]Misgault B, Chatron E, Reynaud Q, et al. Effect of one‐year lumacaftor‐ivacaftor treatment on glucose tolerance abnormalities in cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros. 2020; 19(5): 712‐ 716. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.03.002 32201160 · DOI
- [53]Moheet A, Beisang D, Zhang L, et al. Lumacaftor/ivacaftor therapy fails to increase insulin secretion in F508del/F508del CF patients. J Cyst Fibros. 2021; 20(2): 333‐ 338. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.09.001 32917547 PMC7937760 · DOI
- [54]Nichols DP, Donaldson SH, Frederick CA, et al. PROMISE: working with the CF community to understand emerging clinical and research needs for those treated with highly effective CFTR modulator therapy. J Cyst Fibros. 2021; 20(2): 205‐ 212. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.02.003 33619012 PMC8686210 · DOI
- [55]Blackman SM, Hsu S, Ritter SE, et al. A susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes confers substantial risk for diabetes complicating cystic fibrosis. Diabetologia. 2009; 52(9): 1858‐ 1865. doi: 10.1007/s00125-009-1436-2 19585101 PMC2877501 · DOI
- [56]Aksit MA, Pace RG, Vecchio‐Pagan B, et al. Genetic modifiers of cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes have extensive overlap with type 2 diabetes and related traits. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020; 105(5): 1401‐ 1415. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgz102 31697830 PMC7236628 · DOI
- [57]Blackman SM, Commander CW, Watson C, et al. Genetic modifiers of cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes. Diabetes. 2013; 62(10): 3627‐ 3635. doi: 10.2337/db13-0510 23670970 PMC3781476 · DOI
- [58]Derbel S, Doumaguet C, Hubert D, et al. Calpain 10 and development of diabetes mellitus in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2006; 5(1): 47‐ 51. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2005.09.011 16377260 · DOI
- [59]Moran A, Milla C, Ducret R, Nair KS. Protein metabolism in clinically stable adult cystic fibrosis patients with abnormal glucose tolerance. Diabetes. 2001; 50(6): 1336‐ 1343. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.50.6.1336 11375334 · DOI
- [60]Rolon MA, Benali K, Munck A, et al. Cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes mellitus: clinical impact of prediabetes and effects of insulin therapy. Acta Paediatr. 2001; 90(8): 860‐ 867. 11529531
- [61]Braun AT, Merlo CA. Cystic fibrosis lung transplantation. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2011; 17(6): 467‐ 472. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0b013e32834b8bdb 21897255 · DOI
- [62]Bradbury RA, Shirkhedkar D, Glanville AR, Campbell LV. Prior diabetes mellitus is associated with increased morbidity in cystic fibrosis patients undergoing bilateral lung transplantation: an ‘orphan’ area? A retrospective case‐control study. Intern Med J. 2009; 39(6): 384‐ 388. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2008.01786.x 19220548 · DOI
- [63]Belle‐van Meerkerk G, van de Graaf EA, Kwakkel‐van Erp JM, et al. Diabetes before and after lung transplantation in patients with cystic fibrosis and other lung diseases. Diabet Med. 2012; 29(8): e159‐ e162. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03676.x 22486317 · DOI
- [64]Hadjiliadis D, Madill J, Chaparro C, et al. Incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with cystic fibrosis undergoing lung transplantation before and after lung transplantation. Clin Transpl. 2005; 19(6): 773‐ 778. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2005.00420.x 16313324 · DOI
- [65]Marshall BC, Butler SM, Stoddard M, Moran AM, Liou TG, Morgan WJ. Epidemiology of cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes. J Pediatr. 2005; 146(5): 681‐ 687. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.12.039 15870674 · DOI
- [66]Finkelstein SM, Wielinski CL, Elliott GR, et al. Diabetes mellitus associated with cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr. 1988; 112(3): 373‐ 377. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(88)80315-9 3346774 · DOI
- [67]Rosenecker J, Hofler R, Steinkamp G, et al. Diabetes mellitus in patients with cystic fibrosis: the impact of diabetes mellitus on pulmonary function and clinical outcome. Eur J Med Res. 2001; 6(8): 345‐ 350. 11549516
- [68]Milla CE, Billings J, Moran A. Diabetes is associated with dramatically decreased survival in female but not male subjects with cystic fibrosis. Diabetes Care. 2005; 28(9): 2141‐ 2144. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.9.2141 16123480 · DOI
- [69]Sims EJ, Green MW, Mehta A. Decreased lung function in female but not male subjects with established cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005; 28(7): 1581‐ 1587. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.7.1581 15983304 · DOI
- [70]Kien CL, Zipf WB, Horswill CA, Denne SC, McCoy KS, O'Dorisio TM. Effects of feeding on protein turnover in healthy children and in children with cystic fibrosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996; 64(4): 608‐ 614. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/64.4.608 8839507 · DOI
- [71]Hardin DS, LeBlanc A, Lukenbaugh S, Para L, Seilheimer DK. Proteolysis associated with insulin resistance in cystic fibrosis. Pediatrics. 1998; 101(3 Pt 1): 433‐ 437. doi: 10.1542/peds.101.3.433 9481010 · DOI
- [72]Moran A, Basu R, Milla C, Jensen MD. Insulin regulation of free fatty acid kinetics in adult cystic fibrosis patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Metabolism. 2004; 53(11): 1467‐ 1472. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2004.06.015 15536603 · DOI
- [73]Brennan AL, Gyi KM, Wood DM, et al. Airway glucose concentrations and effect on growth of respiratory pathogens in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2007; 6(2): 101‐ 109. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2006.03.009 16844431 · DOI
- [74]Ntimbane T, Krishnamoorthy P, Huot C, et al. Oxidative stress and cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes: a pilot study in children. J Cyst Fibros. 2008; 7(5): 373‐ 384. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2008.01.004 18420468 · DOI
- [75]Suratwala D, Chan JS, Kelly A, et al. Nocturnal saturation and glucose tolerance in children with cystic fibrosis. Thorax. 2011; 66(7): 574‐ 578. doi: 10.1136/thx.2010.142141 21273357 · DOI
- [76]Hunt WR, Zughaier SM, Guentert DE, et al. Hyperglycemia impedes lung bacterial clearance in a murine model of cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2014; 306(1): L43‐ L49. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00224.2013 24097557 PMC3920212 · DOI
- [77]Bengtson CD, He J, Kim MD, Salathe MA. Cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes is associated with worse lung function trajectory despite Ivacaftor use. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021; 204(11): 1343‐ 1345. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202104-1060LE 34469275 PMC8786066 · DOI
- [78]Andersen HU, Lanng S, Pressler T, Laugesen CS, Mathiesen ER. Cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes: the presence of microvascular diabetes complications. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29(12): 2660‐ 2663. doi: 10.2337/dc06-0654 17130201 · DOI
- [79]Roberts R, Speight L, Lee J, et al. Retinal screening of patients with cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes in Wales ‐‐ a real eye opener. J Cyst Fibros. 2015; 14(2): 282‐ 284. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2014.07.014 25224328 · DOI
- [81]Onady GM, Farinet CL. An adult cystic fibrosis patient presenting with persistent dyspnea: case report. BMC Pulm Med. 2006; 6: 9. doi: 10.1186/1471-2466-6-9 16681861 PMC1471802 · DOI
- [82]Florea VG, Florea ND, Sharma R, et al. Right ventricular dysfunction in adult severe cystic fibrosis. Chest. 2000; 118(4): 1063‐ 1068. doi: 10.1378/chest.118.4.1063 11035678 · DOI
- [83]Perrin FM, Serino W. Ischaemic heart disease‐‐a new issue in cystic fibrosis? J R Soc Med. 2010; 103(Suppl 1): S44‐ S48. doi: 10.1258/jrsm.2010.s11010 20573670 PMC2905021 · DOI
- [84]Harindhanavudhi T, Wang Q, Dunitz J, Moran A, Moheet A. Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in adults with cystic fibrosis: a single‐center analysis. J Cyst Fibros. 2020; 19(1): 139‐ 145. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.10.004 31727452 PMC7680669 · DOI · Paper page
- [85]Gramegna A, Aliberti S, Contarini M, et al. Overweight and obesity in adults with cystic fibrosis: an Italian multicenter cohort study. J Cyst Fibros. 2021; 21: 111‐ 114. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.05.002 34053868 · DOI
- [86]Logue C, Smith C, Nath N, Beynon J, Tofeec K, Brennan AL. Prevalence of hypertension in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2020; 19: S40.
- [87]Vizzardi E, Sciatti E, Bonadei I, et al. Elastic aortic properties in cystic fibrosis adults without cardiovascular risk factors: a case‐control study. Echocardiography. 2019; 36(6): 1118‐ 1122. doi: 10.1111/echo.14375 31148213 · DOI
- [88]Hull JH, Ansley L, Bolton CE, et al. The effect of exercise on large artery haemodynamics in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2011; 10(2): 121‐ 127. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2010.12.001 21220217 · DOI
- [89]Figueroa V, Milla C, Parks EJ, Schwarzenberg SJ, Moran A. Abnormal lipid concentrations in cystic fibrosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002; 75(6): 1005‐ 1011. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/75.6.1005 12036806 · DOI
- [90]Georgiopoulou VV, Denker A, Bishop KL, et al. Metabolic abnormalities in adults with cystic fibrosis. Respirology. 2010; 15(5): 823‐ 829. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2010.01771.x 20497385 · DOI
- [91]Ishimo MC, Belson L, Ziai S, et al. Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with insulin levels in adult cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros. 2013; 12(3): 271‐ 276. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2012.08.012 23017500 · DOI
- [92]Nash EF, Stephenson A, Helm EJ, et al. Impact of lung transplantation on serum lipids in adults with cystic fibrosis. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2011; 30(2): 188‐ 193. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2010.08.024 20888257 · DOI
- [93]Bonhoure A, Potter KJ, Colomba J, et al. Peak glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test is associated with future diabetes risk in adults with cystic fibrosis. Diabetologia. 2021; 64(6): 1332‐ 1341. doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05423-5 33693987 · DOI
- [94]Petersen MC, Begnel L, Wallendorf M, Litvin M. Effect of elexacaftor‐tezacaftor‐ivacaftor on body weight and metabolic parameters in adults with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2022; 21(2): 265‐ 271. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.11.012 34862121 PMC9999463 · DOI
- [95]Franck Thompson E, Watson D, Benoit CM, Landvik S, McNamara J. The association of pediatric cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes screening on clinical outcomes by center: a CF patient registry study. J Cyst Fibros. 2020; 19(2): 316‐ 320. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.07.010 31439463 · DOI · Paper page
- [96]Chan CL, Vigers T, Pyle L, Zeitler PS, Sagel SD, Nadeau KJ. Continuous glucose monitoring abnormalities in cystic fibrosis youth correlate with pulmonary function decline. J Cyst Fibros. 2018; 17(6): 783‐ 790. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.03.008 29580828 PMC6151303 · DOI
- [97]Elidottir H, Diemer S, Eklund E, Hansen CR. Abnormal glucose tolerance and lung function in children with cystic fibrosis. Comparing oral glucose tolerance test and continuous glucose monitoring. J Cyst Fibros. 2021; 20(5): 779‐ 784. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.01.002 33478894 · DOI
- [98]White H, Morton AM, Peckham DG, Conway SP. Dietary intakes in adult patients with cystic fibrosis–do they achieve guidelines? J Cyst Fibros. 2004; 3(1): 1‐ 7. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2003.12.002 15463880 · DOI
- [99]Cheung MS, Bridges NA, Prasad SA, et al. Growth in children with cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44(12): 1223‐ 1225. doi: 10.1002/ppul.21127 19894249 · DOI
- [100]Ripa P, Robertson I, Cowley D, Harris M, Masters IB, Cotterill AM. The relationship between insulin secretion, the insulin‐like growth factor axis and growth in children with cystic fibrosis. Clin Endocrinol. 2002; 56(3): 383‐ 389. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2002.01484.x 11940051 · DOI
- [101]Hanna RM, Weiner DJ. Overweight and obesity in patients with cystic fibrosis: a center‐based analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50(1): 35‐ 41. doi: 10.1002/ppul.23033 24757043 · DOI
- [103]Armaghanian N, Hetherington J, Parameswaran V, et al. Hypoglycemia in cystic fibrosis during an extended oral glucose tolerance test. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020; 55(12): 3391‐ 3399. doi: 10.1002/ppul.25081 32955169 · DOI
- [104]Kilberg MJ, Harris C, Sheikh S, et al. Hypoglycemia and islet dysfunction following Oral glucose tolerance testing in pancreatic‐insufficient cystic fibrosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020; 105(10): 3179‐ 3189. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa448 32668452 PMC7755140 · DOI
- [105]Aitken ML, Szkudlinska MA, Boyko EJ, Ng D, Utzschneider KM, Kahn SE. Impaired counterregulatory responses to hypoglycaemia following oral glucose in adults with cystic fibrosis. Diabetologia. 2020; 63(5): 1055‐ 1065. doi: 10.1007/s00125-020-05096-6 31993716 PMC7150633 · DOI
- [106]Armaghanian N, Markovic TP, Brand‐Miller JC, Bye PTP, Moriarty CP, Steinbeck KS. Hypoglycaemia in cystic fibrosis: an analysis of a single centre adult cystic fibrosis clinic. J Cyst Fibros. 2018; 17(4): 542‐ 547. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.11.015 29254823 · DOI
- [107]Gaines H, Jones KR, Lim J, Medhi NF, Chen S, Scofield RH. Effect of CFTR modulator therapy on cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes. J Diabetes Complicat. 2021; 35(6): 107845. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107845 PMC8113061 33558149 · DOI
- [108]Radike K, Molz K, Holl RW, Poeter B, Hebestreit H, Ballmann M. Prognostic relevance of hypoglycemia following an oral glucose challenge for cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011; 34(4): e43. doi: 10.2337/dc10-2286 21447656 PMC3064065 · DOI
- [109]Mannik LA, Chang KA, Annoh PQK, et al. Prevalence of hypoglycemia during oral glucose tolerance testing in adults with cystic fibrosis and risk of developing cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes. J Cyst Fibros. 2018; 17(4): 536‐ 541. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.03.009 29680365 · DOI
- [110]Lanng S, Thorsteinsson B, Lund‐Andersen C, Nerup J, Schiotz PO, Koch C. Diabetes mellitus in Danish cystic fibrosis patients: prevalence and late diabetic complications. Acta Paediatr. 1994; 83(1): 72‐ 77. 8193478
- [111]Moran A, Pekow P, Grover P, et al. Insulin therapy to improve BMI in cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes without fasting hyperglycemia: results of the cystic fibrosis related diabetes therapy trial. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32(10): 1783‐ 1788. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0585 19592632 PMC2752940 · DOI · Paper page
- [112]Mohan K, Israel KL, Miller H, Grainger R, Ledson MJ, Walshaw MJ. Long‐term effect of insulin treatment in cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes. Respiration. 2008; 76(2): 181‐ 186. doi: 10.1159/000110206 17960051 · DOI
- [113]Lanng S, Thorsteinsson B, Nerup J, Koch C. Diabetes mellitus in cystic fibrosis: effect of insulin therapy on lung function and infections. Acta Paediatr. 1994; 83(8): 849‐ 853. 7981562
- [114]Konrad K, Thon A, Fritsch M, et al. Comparison of cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes with type 1 diabetes based on a German/Austrian pediatric diabetes registry. Diabetes Care. 2013; 36(4): 879‐ 886. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0807 23238661 PMC3609515 · DOI
- [115]Schmid K, Fink K, Holl RW, Hebestreit H, Ballmann M. Predictors for future cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes by oral glucose tolerance test. J Cyst Fibros. 2014; 13(1): 80‐ 85. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2013.06.001 23809507 · DOI
- [116]Reynaud Q, Rabilloud M, Roche S, et al. Glucose trajectories in cystic fibrosis and their association with pulmonary function. J Cyst Fibros. 2018; 17(3): 400‐ 406. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.09.010 29037538 · DOI
- [117]Nguyen CQT, Denis MH, Chagnon M, Rabasa‐Lhoret R, Mailhot G. Abnormal glucose tolerance in a pediatric cystic fibrosis cohort: trends in clinical outcomes and associated factors in the preceding years. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021; 31(1): 277‐ 285. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.07.044 32981797 · DOI
- [118]Ode KL, Frohnert B, Laguna T, et al. Oral glucose tolerance testing in children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Diabetes. 2010; 11(7): 487‐ 492. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00632.x 20202149 PMC3856892 · DOI
- [119]Mozzillo E, Raia V, Fattorusso V, et al. Glucose derangements in very young children with cystic fibrosis and pancreatic insufficiency. Diabetes Care. 2012; 35(11): e78. doi: 10.2337/dc12-0459 23093689 PMC3476927 · DOI
- [120]Mozzillo E, Franceschi R, Piona C, et al. Diabetes and prediabetes in children with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review of the literature and recommendations of the Italian Society for pediatric endocrinology and diabetes (ISPED). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021; 12: 673539. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.673539 34017312 PMC8130616 · DOI
- [121]Chan CL, Pyle L, Vigers T, Zeitler PS, Nadeau KJ. Full the relationship between continuous glucose monitoring and OGTT in youth and young adults with cystic fibrosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021; 107: e548‐ e560. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab692 PMC8764335 34537845 · DOI
- [122]Nyirjesy SC, Sheikh S, Hadjiliadis D, et al. Beta‐cell secretory defects are present in pancreatic insufficient cystic fibrosis with 1‐hour oral glucose tolerance test glucose >/=155 mg/dl. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018; 19(7): 1173‐ 1182. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12700 29885044 PMC6364976 · DOI
- [123]Sheikh S, Putt ME, Forde KA, Rubenstein RC, Kelly A. Elevation of one hour plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance testing. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50(10): 963‐ 969. doi: 10.1002/ppul.23237 26087115 PMC6910238 · DOI
- [124]Brodsky J, Dougherty S, Makani R, Rubenstein RC, Kelly A. Elevation of 1‐hour plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance testing is associated with worse pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis. Diabetes Care. 2011; 34(2): 292‐ 295. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1604 21228248 PMC3024336 · DOI
- [125]Hameed S, Morton JR, Jaffe A, et al. Early glucose abnormalities in cystic fibrosis are preceded by poor weight gain. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33(2): 221‐ 226. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1492 19910502 PMC2809253 · DOI
- [126]Coriati A, Ziai S, Lavoie A, Berthiaume Y, Rabasa‐Lhoret R. The 1‐h oral glucose tolerance test glucose and insulin values are associated with markers of clinical deterioration in cystic fibrosis. Acta Diabetol. 2016; 53(3): 359‐ 366. doi: 10.1007/s00592-015-0791-3 26215312 · DOI
- [127]Prentice BJ, Chelliah A, Ooi CY, et al. Peak OGTT glucose is associated with lower lung function in young children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2020; 19(2): 305‐ 309. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.05.005 31126898 · DOI · Paper page
- [128]Potter KJ, Reynaud Q, Boudreau V, et al. Combined indeterminate and impaired glucose tolerance is a novel group at high risk of cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021; 106(10): e3901‐ e3910. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab384 34132785 · DOI
- [129]Tommerdahl KL, Brinton JT, Vigers T, et al. Delayed glucose peak and elevated 1‐hour glucose on the oral glucose tolerance test identify youth with cystic fibrosis with lower oral disposition index. J Cyst Fibros. 2020; 20: 2111‐ 2345. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.08.020 PMC7947033 32928701 · DOI
- [130]Potter KJ, Boudreau V, Shohoudi A, et al. Influence of pre‐diabetic and pancreatic exocrine states on pulmonary and nutritional status in adults with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2021; 20(5): 803‐ 809. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.11.022 33353861 · DOI
- [131]Boudreau V, Reynaud Q, Denis A, et al. Impact of 1h oral glucose tolerance test on the clinical status of adult cystic fibrosis patients over a 4‐year period. PLoS One. 2021; 16(3): e0246897. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246897 33735186 PMC7971459 · DOI
- [132]Gilmour JA, Sykes J, Etchells E, Tullis E. Cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes screening in adults: a gap analysis and evaluation of accuracy of glycated hemoglobin levels. Can J Diabetes. 2019; 43(1): 13‐ 18. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2018.04.008 30173928 · DOI · Paper page
- [133]Coriati A, Elisha B, Virassamynaik S, et al. Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis‐related glucose abnormalities: can we shorten the standard oral glucose tolerance test? Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2013; 38(12): 1254‐ 1259. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0022 24195626 · DOI
- [134]Boudreau V, Reynaud Q, Bonhoure A, Durieu I, Rabasa‐Lhoret R. Validation of a stepwise approach using glycated hemoglobin levels to reduce the number of required Oral glucose tolerance tests to screen for cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes in adults. Can J Diabetes. 2019; 43(3): 161‐ 162. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2018.11.005 30713090 · DOI
- [135]Yung B, Kemp M, Hooper J, Hodson ME. Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis related diabetes: a selective approach in performing the oral glucose tolerance test based on a combination of clinical and biochemical criteria. Thorax. 1999; 54(1): 40‐ 43. doi: 10.1136/thx.54.1.40 10343630 PMC1745339 · DOI
- [136]Sheikh S, Localio AR, Kelly A, Rubenstein RC. Abnormal glucose tolerance and the 50‐gram glucose challenge test in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2020; 19: 696‐ 699. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.01.003 31974039 PMC8293305 · DOI
- [137]Tommerdahl KL, Brinton JT, Vigers T, Nadeau KJ, Zeitler PS, Chan CL. Screening for cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes and prediabetes: evaluating 1,5‐anhydroglucitol, fructosamine, glycated albumin, and hemoglobin A1c. Pediatr Diabetes. 2019; 20(8): 1080‐ 1086. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12914 31469470 PMC7585935 · DOI
- [138]Boudreau V, Coriati A, Desjardins K, Rabasa‐Lhoret R. Glycated hemoglobin cannot yet be proposed as a screening tool for cystic fibrosis related diabetes. J Cyst Fibros. 2016; 15(2): 258‐ 260. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2016.02.005 26905501 · DOI
- [139]Darukhanavala A, Van Dessel F, Ho J, Hansen M, Kremer T, Alfego D. Use of hemoglobin A1c to identify dysglycemia in cystic fibrosis. PLoS One. 2021; 16(4): e0250036. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250036 33882078 PMC8059836 · DOI · Paper page
- [140]Holl RW, Buck C, Babka C, Wolf A, Thon A. HbA1c is not recommended as a screening test for diabetes in cystic fibrosis. Diabetes Care. 2000; 23(1): 126. 10857983
- [141]Wagener JS, McNeill GC, Taussig LM, Corrigan JJ, Lemen R. Ferrokinetic and hematologic studies in cystic fibrosis patients. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1983; 5(2): 153‐ 160. 6614395
- [142]Scully KJ, Sherwood JS, Martin K, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring and HbA1c in cystic fibrosis: clinical correlations and implications for CFRD diagnosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021; 107: e1444‐ e1454. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab857 PMC8947309 34850006 · DOI
- [143]Racine F, Shohoudi A, Boudreau V, et al. Glycated hemoglobin as a first‐line screening test for cystic fibrosis related diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in children with cystic fibrosis: a validation study. Can J Diabetes. 2021; 45(8): 768‐ 774. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2021.03.005 33926819 · DOI
- [144]Burgess JC, Bridges N, Banya W, et al. HbA1c as a screening tool for cystic fibrosis related diabetes. J Cyst Fibros. 2016; 15(2): 251‐ 257. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.03.013 25869326 · DOI
- [145]Kinnaird KE, Sauerwein TJ. Lack of correlation between 1,5‐anhydroglucitol assay and oral glucose tolerance test in patients with cystic fibrosis. Endocr Pract. 2010; 16(2): 167‐ 170. doi: 10.4158/EP09149.OR 19833588 · DOI
- [146]Prentice BJ, Ooi CY, Verge CF, Hameed S, Widger J. Glucose abnormalities detected by continuous glucose monitoring are common in young children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2020; 19: 700‐ 703. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.02.009 32111453 · DOI
- [147]Leclercq A, Gauthier B, Rosner V, et al. Early assessment of glucose abnormalities during continuous glucose monitoring associated with lung function impairment in cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros. 2014; 13(4): 478‐ 484. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2013.11.005 24359972 · DOI
- [148]Prentice BJ, Ooi CY, Strachan RE, et al. Early glucose abnormalities are associated with pulmonary inflammation in young children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2019; 18(6): 869‐ 873. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.03.010 31036487 · DOI
- [149]Giacobbe LE, Nguyen RH, Aguilera MN, et al. Effect of maternal cystic fibrosis genotype on diabetes in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2012; 120(6): 1394‐ 1399. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31826d7eca 23168765 · DOI
- [150]Oxman R, Roe AH, Jagdeesh U, Putman MS. Gestational and pregestational diabetes in pregnant women with cystic fibrosis. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2022; 27: 100289. doi: 10.1016/j.jcte.2021.100289 34984172 PMC8693285 · DOI
- [151]Sidhaye A, Goldswieg B, Kaminski B, Blackman SM, Kelly A. Endocrine complications after solid‐organ transplant in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2019; 18(Suppl 2): S111‐ S119. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.08.019 31679722 · DOI
- [152]Freeman AJ, Sellers ZM, Mazariegos G, et al. A multidisciplinary approach to pretransplant and posttransplant management of cystic fibrosis‐associated liver disease. Liver Transpl. 2019; 25(4): 640‐ 657. doi: 10.1002/lt.25421 30697907 · DOI
- [153]Hasan S, Soltman S, Wood C, Blackman SM. The role of genetic modifiers, inflammation and CFTR in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis related diabetes. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2022; 27: 100287. doi: 10.1016/j.jcte.2021.100287 34976741 PMC8688704 · DOI
- [154]Norris JM, Johnson RK, Stene LC. Type 1 diabetes‐early life origins and changing epidemiology. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020; 8(3): 226‐ 238. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30412-7 31999944 PMC7332108 · DOI
- [155]Konrad K, Kapellen T, Lilienthal E, et al. Does beta‐cell autoimmunity play a role in cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes? Analysis based on the German/Austrian diabetes Patienten Verlaufsdokumentation registry. Diabetes Care. 2016; 39(8): 1338‐ 1344. doi: 10.2337/dc16-0020 27271187 · DOI
- [156]Skolnik K, Levy RD, Wilcox PG, Quon BS. Coronary artery disease in cystic fibrosis: an emerging concern? J Cyst Fibros. 2016; 15(6): e70‐ e71. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2016.09.010 27751792 · DOI
- [158]Koloušková S, Zemková D, Bartošová J, et al. Low‐dose insulin therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis and early‐stage insulinopenia prevents deterioration of lung function: a 3‐year prospective study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 24(7–8): 449‐ 454. doi: 10.1515/jpem.2011.050 21932580 · DOI
- [159]Sunni M, Bellin MD, Moran A. Exogenous insulin requirements do not differ between youth and adults with cystic fibrosis related diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2013; 14(4): 295‐ 298. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12014 23350702 PMC3753224 · DOI
- [160]Hardin DS, Rice J, Rice M, Rosenblatt R. Use of the insulin pump in treat cystic fibrosis related diabetes. J Cyst Fibros. 2009; 8(3): 174‐ 178. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2008.12.001 19162566 · DOI
- [161]Sherwood JS, Jafri RZ, Balliro CA, et al. Automated glycemic control with the bionic pancreas in cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes: a pilot study. J Cyst Fibros. 2020; 19(1): 159‐ 161. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.08.002 31420176 PMC6995423 · DOI
- [162]Grover P, Thomas W, Moran A. Glargine versus NPH insulin in cystic fibrosis related diabetes. J Cyst Fibros. 2008; 7(2): 134‐ 136. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2007.07.004 17692577 PMC4801219 · DOI
- [163]Onady GM, Stolfi A. Insulin and oral agents for managing cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016; 4: Cd004730. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004730.pub4 27087121 · DOI
- [165]Onady GM, Stolfi A. Drug treatments for managing cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020; 10(10): Cd004730. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004730.pub5 33075159 PMC8094754 · DOI
- [166]Moran A. Cystic‐fibrosis‐related diabetes: time for oral drugs? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018; 6(2): 85‐ 87. doi: 10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30407-2 29199114 · DOI
- [167]Aston‐Mourney K, Proietto J, Morahan G, Andrikopoulos S. Too much of a good thing: why it is bad to stimulate the beta cell to secrete insulin. Diabetologia. 2008; 51(4): 540‐ 545. doi: 10.1007/s00125-008-0930-2 18246324 · DOI
- [168]Nyirjesy SC, Peleckis AJ, Eiel JN, et al. Effects of GLP‐1 and GIP on islet function in glucose intolerant, pancreatic insufficient cystic fibrosis. Diabetes. 2022; 71: 2153‐ 2165. doi: 10.2337/db22-0399 35796669 PMC9501647 · DOI
- [169]Kelly A, Sheikh S, Stefanovski D, et al. Effect of Sitagliptin on islet function in pancreatic insufficient cystic fibrosis with abnormal glucose tolerance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021; 106(9): 2617‐ 2634. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab365 34406395 PMC8660013 · DOI
- [170]Bizzarri C, Lucidi V, Ciampalini P, Bella S, Russo B, Cappa M. Clinical effects of early treatment with insulin glargine in patients with cystic fibrosis and impaired glucose tolerance. J Endocrinol Investig. 2006; 29(3): RC1‐ RC4. doi: 10.1007/bf03345538 16682829 · DOI
- [171]Hameed S, Morton JR, Field PI, et al. Once daily insulin detemir in cystic fibrosis with insulin deficiency. Arch Dis Child. 2012; 97(5): 464‐ 467. doi: 10.1136/adc.2010.204636 21493664 · DOI
- [172]Mozzillo E, Franzese A, Valerio G, et al. One‐year glargine treatment can improve the course of lung disease in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis and early glucose derangements. Pediatr Diabetes. 2009; 10(3): 162‐ 167. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2008.00451.x 19207231 · DOI
- [173]Zipf WB, Kien CL, Horswill CA, McCoy KS, O'Dorisio T, Pinyerd BL. Effects of tolbutamide on growth and body composition of nondiabetic children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Res. 1991; 30(4): 309‐ 314. doi: 10.1203/00006450-199110000-00004 1956712 · DOI
- [174]Culler FL, McKean LP, Buchanan CN, Caplan DB, Meacham LR. Glipizide treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis and impaired glucose tolerance. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1994; 18(3): 375‐ 378. doi: 10.1097/00005176-199404000-00021 8057224 · DOI
- [175]Tierney S, Webb K, Jones A, et al. Living with cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes or type 1 diabetes mellitus: a comparative study exploring health‐related quality of life and patients' reported experiences of hypoglycaemia. Chronic Illn. 2008; 4(4): 278‐ 288. doi: 10.1177/1742395308094240 19091936 · DOI
- [176]Havermans T, Vreys M, Proesmans M, De Boeck C. Assessment of agreement between parents and children on health‐related quality of life in children with cystic fibrosis. Child Care Health Dev. 2006; 32(1): 1‐ 7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00564.x 16398786 · DOI
- [177]Dill EJ, Dawson R, Sellers DE, Robinson WM, Sawicki GS. Longitudinal trends in health‐related quality of life in adults with cystic fibrosis. Chest. 2013; 144(3): 981‐ 989. doi: 10.1378/chest.12-1404 23670667 PMC3760745 · DOI
- [178]Kwong E, Desai S, Chong L, et al. The impact of cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes on health‐related quality of life. J Cyst Fibros. 2019; 18(5): 734‐ 736. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.03.007 30935840 · DOI
- [179]Abbott J, Morton AM, Hurley MA, Conway SP. Longitudinal impact of demographic and clinical variables on health‐related quality of life in cystic fibrosis. BMJ Open. 2015; 5(5): e007418. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007418 PMC4442198 25991453 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Ebekozien, O., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s002 · Cited by 1,393 · see citing works
9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Bajaj, M., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s009 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ode, K. L., Ballman, M., Battezzati, A., Brennan, A., Chan, C. L., Hameed, S., Ismail, H. M., Kelly, A., Moran, A. M., Rabasa‐Lhoret, R., Saxby, N. A., & Craig, M. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Iowa (US)
- Universitätsmedizin Rostock (DE)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Children's Hospital Colorado (US)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Division of Experiemental Medicine Montreal Clinical Research institute Montreal Canada
- Women's and Children's Services Royal Hobart Hospital Hobart Tasmania Australia
- Corresponding author
- Ode, Katie Larson
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pediatric Diabetes
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2022-12
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1212-1228
- ISSN
- 1399-543X (ISSN-L)
- 1399-5448
- PMC
- PMC10108242
- OpenAlex
- W4312179122
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 12
- FWCI
- 9.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Pediatric Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK097830, P30DK097512)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, cystic fibrosis, pediatric diabetes management, children and adolescents, insulin therapy, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Cystic Fibrosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, Consensus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review