Ambient UVA‐Induced Expression of p53 and Apoptosis in Human Skin Melanoma A375 Cell Line by Quinine
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the phototoxic mechanism and photostability of quinine in human skin cell line A375 under ambient intensities of UVA (320–400 nm). Photosensitized quinine produced a photoproduct 6‐methoxy‐quinoline‐4‐ylmethyl‐oxonium identified through LC‐MS/MS. Generation of 1 O 2, O 2•−, and •OH was measured and further substantiated through their respective quenchers. Photosensitized Quinine (Q) caused degradation of 2‐deoxyguanosine, the most sensitive nucleotide to UV radiation. The intracellular ROS was increased in a concentration‐dependent manner. Significant reduction in metabolic status measured in terms of cell viability (54%) at 25 μg mL−1 was observed through MTT assay. Results of MTT assay accord NRU assay. Single strand DNA breaks and apoptosis were increased significantly (P < 0.01) as observed through comet assay and EB/AO double staining. Photosensitized quinine caused cells to arrest in G 2 phase of cell cycle and induced apoptosis (5.08%) as revealed through FACS. Real‐Time PCR showed upregulation of p21 (4.56 folds) and p53 (2.811 folds) genes expression. Thus, our study suggests that generation of reactive oxygen species by quinine under ambient intensity of UVA may result into deleterious phototoxic effects among human population.
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Antimalarial drugs like quinine and mefloquine may be associated with the induction of skin diseases and cancer by altering various biological processes due to phototoxicity as well as the formation of photoproducts.
“The researcher reported that antimalarial drugs like quinine and mefloquine may be associated with the induction of skin diseases and cancer by altering various biological processes due to phototoxicity as well as the formation of photoproducts”
From Skin protection from solar ultraviolet radiation using natural compounds: a review (2024) · cites this paper as Yadav et al. 2013
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Douki, T., Reynaud-Angelin, A., Cadet, J., & Sage, E. (2003) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi034593c · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Lhiaubet, V., Paillous, N., & Chouini-Lalanne, N. (2007) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740670coddpb2.0.co2 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
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Skin protection from solar ultraviolet radiation using natural compounds: a review
Verma, A., Zanoletti, A., Kareem, K. Y., Adelodun, B., Kumar, P., Ajibade, F. O., Silva, L. F. O., Phillips, A. J., Kartheeswaran, T., Bontempi, E., et al. (2024) · Environmental Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1007/s10311-023-01649-4 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Yadav, N., Dwivedi, A., Mujtaba, S. F., Kushwaha, H. N., Singh, S. K., & Ray, R. S.
- Affiliations
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IN)
- Central Drug Research Institute (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Ray, Ratan Singh
- Venue
- Photochemistry and Photobiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-03-15
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 655-664
- ISSN
- 0031-8655 (ISSN-L)
- 1751-1097
- OpenAlex
- W2083756498
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 2.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Photochemistry and Photobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Keywords
- quinine, cutaneous melanoma, A375 cells, photosensitization, reactive oxygen species, singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, p53 expression, p21 expression, apoptosis, G2 cell cycle arrest, photoproducts, photostability
- MeSH terms
- Cell Survival, Humans, Melanoma, Necrosis, Quinine, Skin, Skin Neoplasms, Superoxides, Ultraviolet Rays, Up-Regulation, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Apoptosis, Reactive Oxygen Species, Hydroxyl Radical, Comet Assay, Cell Line, Tumor, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21, DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded, Cell Cycle Checkpoints
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