Cited by 43bioluminescence and chemiluminescence researchLuminescence and Fluorescent MaterialsLuminescence Properties of Advanced Materials

Perspectives on Bioluminescence Mechanisms

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Lee, John·2017·Photochemistry and Photobiology

Abstract

The molecular mechanisms of the bioluminescence systems of the firefly, bacteria and those utilizing imidazopyrazinone luciferins such as coelenterazine are gradually being uncovered using modern biophysical methods such as dynamic (ns–ps) fluorescence spectroscopy, NMR, X‐ray crystallography and computational chemistry. The chemical structures of all reactants are well defined, and the spatial structures of the luciferases are providing important insight into interactions within the active cavity. It is generally accepted that the firefly and coelenterazine systems, although proceeding by different chemistries, both generate a dioxetanone high‐energy species that undergoes decarboxylation to form directly the product in its S 1 state, the bioluminescence emitter. More work is still needed to establish the structure of the products completely. In spite of the bacterial system receiving the most research attention, the chemical pathway for excitation remains mysterious except that it is clearly not by a decarboxylation. Both the coelenterazine and bacterial systems have in common of being able to employ “antenna proteins,” lumazine protein and the green‐fluorescent protein, for tuning the color of the bioluminescence. Spatial structure information has been most valuable in informing the mechanism of the Ca 2+ ‐regulated photoproteins and the antenna protein interactions.

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  • Chemiexcitation was once thought energetically impossible in biological systems but is now known to underlie jellyfish and firefly bioluminescence.

    “Once thought to be energetically impossible in a biological system, this physical chemistry process is now known to underlie the bioluminescence of jellyfish and fireflies”

    From Chemiexcitation: Mammalian Photochemistry in the Dark<sup>†</sup> (2023) · cites this paper as [20]

    The FIREFLY AND COELENTERAZINE section describes a shared chemical-excitation mechanism for firefly bioluminescence and coelenterazine, which the paper also identifies in jellyfish aequorin. The BACKGROUND section discusses an earlier belief that light emission must be accompanied by heat, but does not say chemiexcitation was once thought energetically impossible in biological systems. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Tu, S.-C. (2007) Bacterial luciferase: structure-function relationships and protein engineering. In Luciferases and Fluorescent Proteins (Edited by V. R. Viviani and Y. Ohmiya), pp. 1-18. Transworld Research Network, Kerala, India.
  2. Vysotski, E. S. and J. Lee (2007) Bioluminescence mechanism of Ca 2+ -regulated photoproteins from three-dimensional structure. In Luciferases and Fluorescent Proteins (Edited by V. R. Viviani and Y. Ohmiya), pp. 19-41. Transworld Research Network, Kerala, India. 126.

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Authors
Lee, J.
Affiliations
University of Georgia (US)
Corresponding author
Lee, John
Venue
Photochemistry and Photobiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2016-12-03
Volume
93
Issue
2
Pages
389-404
ISSN
  • 0031-8655 (ISSN-L)
  • 1751-1097
OpenAlex
W2534729597
Cited by
43
References
147
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7
FWCI
0.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Photochemistry and Photobiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › bioluminescence and chemiluminescence research
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials
Keywords
bioluminescence mechanism, luciferase, firefly luciferase, bacterial bioluminescence, coelenterazine, decarboxylation, lumazine, green fluorescent protein, antenna proteins, photoprotein, calcium regulation
MeSH terms
Animals, Bacteria, Carboxylic Acids, Luminescent Measurements, Luminescent Proteins, Protein Conformation, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Crystallography, X-Ray, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Fireflies

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