Perspectives on Bioluminescence Mechanisms
Open accessAbstract
The molecular mechanisms of the bioluminescence systems of the firefly, bacteria and those utilizing imidazopyrazinone luciferins such as coelenterazine are gradually being uncovered using modern biophysical methods such as dynamic (ns–ps) fluorescence spectroscopy, NMR, X‐ray crystallography and computational chemistry. The chemical structures of all reactants are well defined, and the spatial structures of the luciferases are providing important insight into interactions within the active cavity. It is generally accepted that the firefly and coelenterazine systems, although proceeding by different chemistries, both generate a dioxetanone high‐energy species that undergoes decarboxylation to form directly the product in its S 1 state, the bioluminescence emitter. More work is still needed to establish the structure of the products completely. In spite of the bacterial system receiving the most research attention, the chemical pathway for excitation remains mysterious except that it is clearly not by a decarboxylation. Both the coelenterazine and bacterial systems have in common of being able to employ “antenna proteins,” lumazine protein and the green‐fluorescent protein, for tuning the color of the bioluminescence. Spatial structure information has been most valuable in informing the mechanism of the Ca 2+ ‐regulated photoproteins and the antenna protein interactions.
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Chemiexcitation was once thought energetically impossible in biological systems but is now known to underlie jellyfish and firefly bioluminescence.
“Once thought to be energetically impossible in a biological system, this physical chemistry process is now known to underlie the bioluminescence of jellyfish and fireflies”
From Chemiexcitation: Mammalian Photochemistry in the Dark<sup>†</sup> (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
The FIREFLY AND COELENTERAZINE section describes a shared chemical-excitation mechanism for firefly bioluminescence and coelenterazine, which the paper also identifies in jellyfish aequorin. The BACKGROUND section discusses an earlier belief that light emission must be accompanied by heat, but does not say chemiexcitation was once thought energetically impossible in biological systems. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Self-citationBaldwin, T. O., Treat, M. L., & Daubner, S. C. (1990) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00475a014 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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Role of key residues of obelin in coelenterazine binding and conversion into 2-hydroperoxy adduct
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Petushkov, V. N., Gibson, B. G., & Lee, J. (1996) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi952691v · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationKINETICS OF BACTERIAL BIOLUMINESCENCE AND THE FLUORESCENT TRANSIENT
Matheson, I. B. C., & Lee, J. (1983) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1983.tb03867.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationPetushkov, V. N., Ketelaars, M., Gibson, B. G., et al. (1996) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi9608931 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
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Dynamic fluorescence properties of the bacterial luciferase intermediates
Lee, J., O’Kane, D. J., & Gibson, B. G. (1988) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00413a042 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationMalikova, N. P., Visser, N. V., Arie van, H. O. E. K., Skakun, V. V., Vysotski, E. S., Lee, J., & Visser, A. J. W. G. (2011) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi101671p · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationDehydrocoelenterazine is the Organic Substance Constituting the Prosthetic Group of Pholasin
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Structure of Lumazine Protein, an Optical Transponder of Luminescent Bacteria
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The Use of Luminol as a Standard of Photon Emission
Lee, J., & Wesley, A. S. (1967) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400875689-005 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationPetushkov, V. N., Gibson, B. G., & Lee, J. (1995) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1880 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationPetushkov, V. N., Gibson, B. G., & Lee, J. (1995) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00010a020 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationO2 incorporation into a long-chain fatty acid during bacterial luminescence
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Chromophores in photoproteins of a glowing squid and mollusk
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Fluorescence anisotropy decay study of self-association of bacterial luciferase intermediates
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Self-citationPurification and ligand exchange protocols for antenna proteins from bioluminescent bacteria
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Reaction of phenylchlorodiazirine with alkyllithium reagents
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Luminous efficiency of the firefly
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Lnminous Efficiency of the Firefly
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Tu, S.-C. (2007) Bacterial luciferase: structure-function relationships and protein engineering. In Luciferases and Fluorescent Proteins (Edited by V. R. Viviani and Y. Ohmiya), pp. 1-18. Transworld Research Network, Kerala, India.
- Vysotski, E. S. and J. Lee (2007) Bioluminescence mechanism of Ca 2+ -regulated photoproteins from three-dimensional structure. In Luciferases and Fluorescent Proteins (Edited by V. R. Viviani and Y. Ohmiya), pp. 19-41. Transworld Research Network, Kerala, India. 126.
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Chemiexcitation: Mammalian Photochemistry in the Dark<sup>†</sup>
Brash, D. E., & Goncalves, L. C. P. (2023) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/php.13781 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lee, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, John
- ORCID
- Lee, John
- Venue
- Photochemistry and Photobiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-12-03
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 389-404
- ISSN
- 0031-8655 (ISSN-L)
- 1751-1097
- OpenAlex
- W2534729597
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 147
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 0.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Photochemistry and Photobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › bioluminescence and chemiluminescence research
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials
- Keywords
- bioluminescence mechanism, luciferase, firefly luciferase, bacterial bioluminescence, coelenterazine, decarboxylation, lumazine, green fluorescent protein, antenna proteins, photoprotein, calcium regulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacteria, Carboxylic Acids, Luminescent Measurements, Luminescent Proteins, Protein Conformation, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Crystallography, X-Ray, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular, Fireflies
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