Multimodal study of the neural sources of error monitoring in adolescents and adults
Open accessAbstract
The ability to monitor performance during a goal-directed behavior differs among children and adults in ways that can be measured with several tasks and techniques. As well, recent work has shown that individual differences in error monitoring moderate temperamental risk for anxiety and that this moderation changes with age. We investigated age differences in neural responses linked to performance monitoring using a multimodal approach. The approach combined functional MRI and source localization of event-related potentials (ERPs) in 12-year-old, 15-year-old, and adult participants. Neural generators of two components related to performance and error monitoring, the N2 and ERN, lay within specific areas of fMRI clusters. Whereas correlates of the N2 component appeared similar across age groups, age-related differences manifested in the location of the generators of the ERN component. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) was the predominant source location for the 12-year-old group; this area manifested posteriorly for the 15-year-old and adult groups. A fMRI-based ROI analysis confirmed this pattern of activity. These results suggest that changes in the underlying neural mechanisms are related to developmental changes in performance monitoring.
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The ERN is a negative voltage deflection that is sensitive to error commission, maximal at frontocentral electrode sites, generated primarily by the anterior cingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex, and generally peaks within 100 ms following error commission.
“The ERN is a negative voltage deflection that is sensitive to error commission. It is maximal at frontocentral electrode sites, generated primarily by the anterior cingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex (Buzzell et al., 2017; Conte et al., 2023; Dehaene et al., 1994; Van Veen & Carter, 2002), and generally peaks within 100 ms following error commission.”
From Foster care intervention protects cognitive control skills in young adults exposed to institutional rearing (2026) · cites this paper as Conte et al., 2023
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Valadez, E. A., Jopling, E., Macera, E., Wade, M., Zeanah, C. H., Nelson, C. A., & Fox, N. A. (2026) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579426101928
Self-citation
- Authors
- Conte, S., Richards, J. E., Fox, N. A., Valadez, E. A., McSweeney, M., Tan, E., Pine, D. S., Winkler, A. M., Liuzzi, L., Cardinale, E. M., White, L. K., & Buzzell, G. A.
- Affiliations
- University of South Carolina (US)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- Florida International University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Conte, Stefania
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-05-22
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e14336-e14336
- ISSN
- 0048-5772 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8986
- PMC
- PMC10524909
- OpenAlex
- W4377220995
- Cited by
- 5
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 0.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2023-10-20)
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychophysiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- ScholarWorks @ UTRGV (The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD18942)
- National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH093349, ZIAMH002782)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- error monitoring, performance monitoring, adolescents, age differences, neural sources, N2 component, error-related negativity, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, source localization, event-related potentials, functional MRI, developmental changes, individual differences, anxiety risk
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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