Cited by 141Complement system in diseasesImmune Response and InflammationBiomarkers in Disease Mechanisms

Humoral Pattern Recognition and the Complement System

Degn, S. E., Thiel, S.·2013·Scandinavian Journal of Immunology

Abstract

In the context of immunity, pattern recognition is the art of discriminating friend from foe and innocuous from noxious. The basis of discrimination is the existence of evolutionarily conserved patterns on microorganisms, which are intrinsic to these microorganisms and necessary for their function and existence. Such immutable or slowly evolving patterns are ideal handles for recognition and have been targeted by early cellular immune defence mechanisms such as T oll‐like receptors, NOD‐like receptors, RIG‐I‐like receptors, C‐type lectin receptors and by humoral defence mechanisms such as the complement system. Complement is a proteolytic cascade system comprising around 35 different soluble and membrane‐bound proteins. It constitutes a central part of the innate immune system, mediating several major innate effector functions and modulating adaptive immune responses. The complement cascade proceeds via controlled, limited proteolysis and conformational changes of constituent proteins through three activation pathways: the classical pathway, the alternative pathway and the lectin pathway, which converge in common effector functions. Here, we review the nature of the pattern recognition molecules involved in complement activation, as well as their close relatives with no or unknown capacity for activating complement. We proceed to examine the composition of the pattern recognition complexes involved in complement activation, focusing on those of the lectin pathway, and arrive at a new model for their mechanism of operation, supported by recently emerging evidence.

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Crossref · 10.1111/sji.12070

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Authors
Degn, S. E., & Thiel, S.
Affiliations
Aarhus University (DK)
Corresponding author
Degn, S. E.
Venue
Scandinavian Journal of Immunology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2013-07-21
Volume
78
Issue
2
Pages
181-193
ISSN
  • 0300-9475 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-3083
OpenAlex
W2012804478
Cited by
141
References
103
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 4
FWCI
1.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Scandinavian Journal of Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Complement system in diseases
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Biomarkers in Disease Mechanisms
Keywords
complement system, pattern recognition, innate immunity, complement activation, lectin pathway, pattern recognition molecules, classical pathway, alternative pathway
MeSH terms
Antigen-Antibody Complex, Complement System Proteins, Complement Pathway, Alternative, Complement Pathway, Classical, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Models, Immunological, Complement Pathway, Mannose-Binding Lectin, Receptors, Pattern Recognition, Protein Multimerization, Immunity, Humoral, Proteolysis

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