The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Plasticity of human skeletal muscle: gene expression to in vivo function
Open accessAbstract
Human skeletal muscle is a highly heterogeneous tissue, able to adapt to the different challenges that may be placed upon it. When overloaded, a muscle adapts by increasing its size and strength through satellite‐cell‐mediated mechanisms, whereby protein synthesis is increased and new nuclei are added to maintain the myonuclear domain. This process is regulated by an array of mechanical, hormonal and nutritional signals. Growth factors, such as insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) and testosterone, are potent anabolic agents, whilst myostatin acts as a negative regulator of muscle mass. Insulin‐like growth factor I is unique in being able to stimulate both the proliferation and the differentiation of satellite cells and works as part of an important local repair and adaptive mechanism. Speed of movement, as characterized by maximal velocity of shortening (Vmax), is regulated primarily by the isoform of myosin heavy chain (MHC) contained within a muscle fibre. Human fibres can express three MHCs: MHC‐I, ‐IIa and ‐IIx, in order of increasing Vmax and maximal power output. Training studies suggest that there is a subtle interplay between the MHC‐IIa and ‐IIx isoforms, with the latter being downregulated by activity and upregulated by inactivity. However, switching between the two main isoforms appears to require significant challenges to a muscle. Upregulation of fast gene programs is caused by prolonged disuse, whilst upregulation of slow gene programs appears to require significant and prolonged activity. The potential mechanisms by which alterations in muscle composition are mediated are discussed. The implications in terms of contractile function of altering muscle phenotype are discussed from the single fibre to the whole muscle level.
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Cites
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Cited by
Pareja‐Blanco, F., Rodríguez‐Rosell, D., Sánchez‐Medina, L., Sanchis‐Moysi, J., Dorado, C., Mora‐Custodio, R., Yáñez‐García, J. M., Morales‐Alamo, D., Pérez‐Suárez, I., Calbet, J. A. L., et al. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12678 · Cited by 505
Heckman, C. J., & Enoka, R. M. (2012) · Comprehensive Physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c100087 · Cited by 414
The Sick and the Weak: Neuropathies/Myopathies in the Critically Ill
Friedrich, O., Reid, M. B., Van den Berghe, G., Vanhorebeek, I., Hermans, G., Rich, M. M., & Larsson, L. (2015) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00028.2014 · Cited by 396
Early and late rate of force development: differential adaptive responses to resistance training?
Andersen, L. L., Andersen, J. L., Zebis, M. K., & Aagaard, P. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00933.x · Cited by 282
Physiological elevation of endogenous hormones results in superior strength training adaptation
Rønnestad, B. R., Nygaard, H., & Raastad, T. (2011) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-011-1860-0 · Cited by 112
Metadata
- Authors
- Harridge, S. D. R.
- Venue
- Experimental Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-08-17
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 783-797
- ISSN
- 0958-0670 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-445X
- OpenAlex
- W2104317289
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 22
- FWCI
- 7.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
