Taurine uptake across the human intestinal brush‐border membrane is via two transporters: H + ‐coupled PAT1 (SLC36A1) and Na + ‐ and Cl − ‐dependent TauT (SLC6A6)
Open accessAbstract
Taurine is an essential amino acid in some mammals and is conditionally essential in humans. Taurine is an abundant component of meat and fish‐based foods and has been used as an oral supplement in the treatment of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hypertension. The purpose of this investigation was to identity the relative contributions of the solute transporters involved in taurine uptake across the luminal membrane of human enterocytes. Distinct transport characteristics were revealed following expression of the candidate solute transporters in Xenopus laevis oocytes: PAT1 (SLC36A1) is a H + ‐coupled, pH‐dependent, Na + ‐ and Cl − ‐independent, low‐affinity, high‐capacity transporter for taurine and β‐alanine; TauT (SLC6A6) is a Na + ‐ and Cl − ‐dependent, high‐affinity, low‐capacity transporter of taurine and β‐alanine; ATB 0,+ (SLC6A14) is a Na + ‐ and Cl − ‐dependent, high‐affinity, low‐capacity transporter which accepts β‐alanine but not taurine. Taurine uptake across the brush‐border membrane of human intestinal Caco‐2 cell monolayers showed characteristics of both PAT1‐ and TauT‐mediated transport. Under physiological conditions, Cl − ‐dependent TauT‐mediated uptake predominates at low taurine concentrations, whereas at higher concentrations typical of diet, Cl − ‐independent PAT1‐mediated uptake is the major absorptive mechanism. Real‐time PCR analysis of human duodenal and ileal biopsy samples demonstrates that PAT1, TauT and ATB 0,+ mRNA are expressed in each tissue but to varying degrees. In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrate both taurine uptake via PAT1 and functional coexpression of PAT1 and TauT at the apical membrane of the human intestinal epithelium. PAT1 may be responsible for bulk taurine uptake during a meal whereas TauT may be important for taurine supply to the intestinal epithelium and for taurine capture between meals.
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SLC36A1 (PAT1) has been reported to transport taurine.
“As SLC36A1 (PAT1) has also been reported to transport taurine,65”
From Taurine lowers inflammaging by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages (2026) · cites this paper as [65]
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Taurine lowers inflammaging by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages
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- Authors
- Anderson, C. M. H., Howard, A., Walters, J. R. F., Ganapathy, V., & Thwaites, D. T.
- Affiliations
- Newcastle University (GB)
- Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
- Augusta University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Anderson, Catriona M. H.
- Venue
- The Journal of Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-02-15
- Volume
- 587
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 731-744
- ISSN
- 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7793
- PMC
- PMC2669967
- OpenAlex
- W2138018209
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (078640, 078640/Z/05/Z)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Aldose Reductase and Taurine
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Keywords
- taurine uptake, intestinal brush border membrane, PAT1, SLC36A1, taurine transporter, SLC6A6, SLC6A14, beta-alanine, Caco-2 cell monolayers, chloride-dependent transport, sodium-dependent transport, dietary taurine
- MeSH terms
- Taurine Transporters, Animals, Female, Humans, Hydrogen, Intestinal Mucosa, Intestine, Small, Membrane Glycoproteins, Microvilli, Taurine, Xenopus laevis, Caco-2 Cells, Membrane Transport Proteins, Amino Acid Transport Systems, Symporters
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