Effect of probe contact pressure on the photoplethysmographic assessment of conduit artery stiffness
Open accessAbstract
Currently, photoplethysmography (PPG) is a frequently studied optical blood pulsation detection technique among biophotonic and biomedical researchers due to the fact that it shows high potential for estimating the arterial stiffness (AS). The extraction of diagnostically useful information requires standardized measurement procedure with good repeatability. However, the effects of a crucially important factor-the optimal contact pressure (CP) of the probe-are often ignored. Also, CP values are not reported to evaluate those effects. It is hypothesized that AS estimated from PPG pulse wave 2nd derivative parameter b/a is strongly inconsistent when recorded at nonoptimal probe CP. Our pilot study confirmed this during in vivo PPG recordings from conduit artery sites on five healthy subjects at variable probe CP (0 to 15 kPa) by using 880 nm reflectance type sensor, force transducer, and PPG alternating current (AC) signal pulse area derived optimal CP criterion. The b/a values, calculated from PPG with variable CP, showed variation >300 percent. In contrast, at the optimal CP, the b/a showed high repeatability (coefficient of variability <5 percent). The effect has been explained with exponential pulse pressure-volume relationship model which indicates the optimal CP range.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The amount of pressure applied is often underreported and can manipulate the resultant PPG waveform.
“Grabovskis et al. noted that the amount of pressure applied is often underreported and can manipulate the resultant PPG waveform [132].”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [132]
The appropriate amount of pressure is such that the b/a ratio of the SDPPG is equal to 0.70, meaning that the external pressure on the arterial wall is equal to the mean arterial pressure.
“They determine that the appropriate amount of pressure is such that the b/a ratio of the SDPPG is equal to 0.70. This means that the external pressure on the arterial wall is equal to the mean arterial pressure [132].”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [132]
The change in these fundamental features can affect other measurements such as the b/a ratio, the relationship between the frequency response of a PPG signal and a blood pressure signal, or the pulse transit time (PTT).
“The change in these fundamental features can affect other measurements such as the b/a ratio, derived from the a and b peaks of the second derivative of a PPG signal, used to characterize arterial stiffness [132], the relationship between the frequency response of a PPG signal and a blood pressure signal [207], or the pulse transit time (PTT) which is used as an indicator for fluctuating stiffness”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [132]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 33 · Cited by 47
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Fig. 6 P-V relationship at the different zero transmural pressure (P transm ¼ P arterial -P effect ¼ 0) conditions. P transm is zero at: P dia (state A), MAP (state B) and P sys (state C). Each state corresponds to its specific oscillating arterial volume (vertically, crosswise and horizontally hatched areas, respectively) producing PPG AC signal. Journal of Biomedical Optics 027004-4 February 2013 • Vol. 18
- Grabovskis et al.: Effect of probe contact pressure on the photoplethysmographic assessment. . . Downloaded From: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/Journal-of-Biomedical-Optics on 15 Jul 2023 Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-use
- E. J. Marey, "Pression et vitesse du sang," in Physiologic Experimental, Vol. 2, pp. 307-343, Masson, Paris (1876).
- Authors
- Grabovskis, A., Marcinkevics, Z., Rubins, U., & Kviesis-Kipge, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Latvia (LV)
- Univ. of Latvia
- ORCID
- Rubins, Uldis
- Venue
- Journal of Biomedical Optics
- Publisher
- SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
- Published
- 2013-02-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 02
- Pages
- 1-6
- ISSN
- 1083-3668 (ISSN-L)
- 1560-2281
- OpenAlex
- W1974417138
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Biomedical Optics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Latvijas Universitate
- European Social Fund
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- photoplethysmography, arterial stiffness, pulse wave analysis, B/A ratio, repeatability, conduit arteries, force sensor
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Pressure, Blood Volume, Female, Humans, Male, Pressure, Photoplethysmography, Optical Devices, Optical Phenomena, Young Adult, Vascular Stiffness, Pulse Wave Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
