Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 589

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Laterally modulated excitation microscopy: improvement of resolution by using a diffraction grating:

Heintzmann, Rainer, Cremer, Christoph G.·1999·SPIE Proceedings

Abstract

High spatial frequencies in the illuminating light of microscopes lead to a shift of the object spatial frequencies detectable through the objective lens. If a suitable procedure is found for evaluation of the measured data, a microscopic image with a higher resolution than under flat illumination can be obtained. A simple method for generation of a laterally modulated illumination pattern is discussed here. A specially constructed diffraction grating was inserted in the illumination beam path at the conjugate object plane (position of the adjustable aperture) and projected through the objective into the object. Microscopic beads were imaged with this method and evaluated with an algorithm based on the structure of the Fourier space. The results indicate an improvement of resolution.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1117/12.336833

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cited by

See all 589

Metadata

Authors
Heintzmann, R., & Cremer, C. G.
Venue
SPIE Proceedings
Publisher
SPIE
Published
1999-01-19
Volume
3568
Pages
185-196
ISSN
0277-786X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2075119852
Cited by
589
References
0
FWCI
23.85
Type
conference paper
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Laterally modulated excitation microscopy: improvement of resolution by using a diffraction grating:. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1117/12.336833
The paper
Heintzmann, R., & Cremer, C. G. (1999). Laterally modulated excitation microscopy: improvement of resolution by using a diffraction grating:. SPIE Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.336833

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.