Effective flow resistivity of ground surfaces determined by acoustical measurements

Embleton, T. F. W.; Piercy, J. E.; Daigle, G. A.

doi:10.1121/1.390029

Cited by 172Acoustic Wave Phenomena ResearchNoise Effects and ManagementUltrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation

Effective flow resistivity of ground surfaces determined by acoustical measurements

Embleton, T. F. W., Piercy, J. E., Daigle, G. A.·1983·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

DOI 10.1121/1.390029

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Abstract

Following earlier work by Chessell [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 62, 825–834 (1977)] it is shown that his single-parameter theory can be used to predict the measured transmission spectra between a source and receiver located above ground surfaces having a wide range of acoustic impedance—or effective flow resistivity. Surfaces behaving essentially as locally reacting range from new-fallen snow, effective flow resistivity σ=10–30 cgs rayls, through grass-covered ground, σ=150–300 rayls, to mature asphalt, σ=30 000 rayls. The thermal-conduction and viscous boundary layer of the surface limits the effective flow resistivity of even the hardest and most impervious surface to the range 105–106 rayls, depending on frequency: this value is appropriate to evaluate the complex reflection coefficient of the paint-sealed surface of a thick slab of reinforced concrete.

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Acoustic transmissions close to the ground are characterized by frequency-dependent structure in the transmission loss caused by interference between airborne and ground-reflected arrivals.
“Acoustic transmissions close to the ground are characterized by frequency-dependent structure in the transmission loss caused by interference between airborne and ground-reflected arrivals.”
From Directional acoustic radiation in the strut display of male sage grouse Centrocercus urophasianus (1999) · cites this paper as Embleton et al., 1983
The ground-induced interference structure depends sensitively on the composition of the ground and ground relief.
“The ground-induced interference structure depends sensitively on the composition of the ground (Embleton et al., 1983) and ground relief.”
From Directional acoustic radiation in the strut display of male sage grouse Centrocercus urophasianus (1999) · cites this paper as Embleton et al., 1983

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Šaliūnas, D., & Volkovas, V. (2015) · Mechanika · doi:10.5755/j01.mech.21.1.10137 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Grass covered ground surface has impedance of 3 kPa·s·m−1 (according [15], [27]) boundary conditions:”
Background
Comparison of Measured and Modeled Sound Levels in the Vicinity of Traffic Noise Barriers
Wayson, R. L., MacDonald, J., Arner, W., et al. (2002) · Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board · doi:10.3141/1792-08 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“This has led the authors to change the CNM to include the ground effect algorithms used in the TNM based on the Embleton, Piercy, and Daigle methodology (12).”
Method
Machine learning-based prediction of drone noise propagation in three-dimensional urban environments
He, J., Tan, Q., Bao, H., et al. (2025) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/10.0038749 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Assessment of an Open-Source Aircraft Noise Prediction Model Using Approach Phase Measurements
Thoma, E. M., Grönstedt, T., Sola, E. O., et al. (2023) · Journal of Aircraft · doi:10.2514/1.c037332 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Authors: Embleton, T. F. W., Piercy, J. E., & Daigle, G. A.
Affiliations: National Research Council Canada (CA)
Venue: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
Published: 1983-10-01
Volume: 74
Issue: 4
Pages: 1239-1244
ISSN: 0001-4966 (ISSN-L)
1520-8524
DOI: 10.1121/1.390029
OpenAlex: W2073048567
Cited by: 172
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 2.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Noise Effects and Management
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation
Keywords: ground surface, acoustic impedance, snow, bitumen, viscous boundary layer, complex reflection coefficient, reinforced concrete

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Effective flow resistivity of ground surfaces determined by acoustical measurements

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