Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 55

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation to Athletes

Haymes, Emily M.·1991·International Journal of Sport Nutrition
DOI 10.1123/ijsn.1.2.146
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Vitamin and mineral supplements are frequently used by competitive and recreational athletes. Dietary deficiencies of most vitamins are not very common among athletes except in those who restrict their food intake in order to maintain body weight. Vitamins most likely to be deficient in the diet are folate, , , and E. Biochemical evidence of vitamin deficiencies in some athletes have been reported for thiamine, riboflavin, and . When the diet is deficient, vitamin supplements may improve performance but are not likely to be effective if the dietary intake is adequate. Some female athletes' diets are low in calcium, iron, and zinc. Low calcium intake may reduce peak bone mass in young women. Iron deficiency may impair performance and needs to be corrected with an iron supplement. Zinc supplements that exceed the RDA interfere with the absorption of copper and lower HDL-cholesterol.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1123/ijsn.1.2.146

Cites

6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 6 references

Research works printed but not linked: 146

  1. Aikawa K.M., 1984, Biosci. Rep., 4, 253, 10.1007/BF01119661 · DOI
  2. Armstrong L.E., 1985, Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 56, 765
  3. Bailey D.A., 1970, Znt. J. Kt. Res., 40, 435
  4. Balaban E.P., 1989, Med. Sci. Sports Exer., 21, 643, 10.1249/00005768-198912000-00003 · DOI
  5. Belko A.Z., 1985, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 41, 270, 10.1093/ajcn/41.2.270 · DOI
  6. Belko A.Z., 1983, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 37, 509, 10.1093/ajcn/37.4.509 · DOI
  7. Belko A.Z., 1984, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 40, 553, 10.1093/ajcn/40.3.553 · DOI
  8. Beller G.A., 1975, Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 46, 709
  9. Benson J., 1985, Phys. Sportsmed., 13, 79, 10.1080/00913847.1985.11708902 · DOI
  10. Bergstrom J., 1969, J. Appl. Physiol., 26, 170, 10.1152/jappl.1969.26.2.170 · DOI
  11. Berryman G.H., 1947, Am. J. Physiol., 148, 618, 10.1152/ajplegacy.1947.148.3.618 · DOI
  12. Bonke D, 1986, Bibliotheca Nutr. Dieta., 38, 104
  13. Bredle D.L., 1988, J. Appl. Physiol., 65, 1821, 10.1152/jappl.1988.65.4.1821 · DOI
  14. Buzina R., 1982, Clin. Nutr., 36, 429
  15. Carlson L.A., 1963, Metabolism, 12, 837
  16. Carter J.E., 1989, Med. Sci. Sports Ener., 21532
  17. Casoni I., 1990, Znt. J. Sports Med., 11, 234
  18. Cauley J.A., 1988, J M, 260, 3150
  19. Clark N., 1988, Phys. Sportsmed., 16, 124, 10.1080/00913847.1988.11709434 · DOI
  20. Clement D.B., IL: Human Kinetics, 1986, 75
  21. Cooper C., 1988, Britain. BMJ, 297, 1443, 10.1136/bmj.297.6661.1443 · DOI · Paper page
  22. Cooter G.R., 1978, Res. Quar., 49, 114
  23. Costill D.L., 1976, J. Appl. Physiol, 40, 6, 10.1152/jappl.1976.40.1.6 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Costill D.L., 1982, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 36266275
  25. Crouse S.F., 1984, JAMA, 252, 785, 10.1001/jama.1984.03350060029023 · DOI
  26. Dale G., 1986, YBMJ, 292, 447, 10.1136/bmj.292.6518.447-a · DOI
  27. Davies K.J.A., 1982, Am. J. Physiol., 242, E418
  28. Dawson-Hughes B., 1987, Am. J. Clin. Nuh, 46, 685, 10.1093/ajcn/46.4.685 · DOI
  29. Deuster P.A., 1986, Am J. Clin. Nuh, 45, 954, 10.1093/ajcn/44.6.954 · DOI
  30. Diehl D.M., 1986, Int. J. Sports Med., 7, 264, 10.1055/s-2008-1025772 · DOI
  31. Dillard C.J., 1978, J. Appl. Physiol., 45927
  32. Dreon D.M., 1986, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 43, 816, 10.1093/ajcn/43.5.816 · DOI
  33. Dressendorfer R.H., 1980, Hypozincemiainrunners. Phys. Sportsmed., 8, 97, 10.1080/00913847.1980.11710918 · DOI
  34. Early R.G., 1969, Physiol., 27, 43
  35. Ehn L., 1980, Med. Sci. Sports Exer., 12, 61
  36. Ellsworth N.M., 1985, Phys. Sportsmed., 13, 78, 10.1080/00913847.1985.11708747 · DOI
  37. Ettinger B., 1987, Ann. Intern. Med., 106, 40, 10.7326/0003-4819-106-1-40 · DOI · Paper page
  38. Fishbaine B., 1984, Znt. J. Vit. Ndtr. Res., 54, 273
  39. Frizell R.T., 1986, JAMA, 255, 772, 10.1001/jama.1986.03370060086025 · DOI
  40. Fumich R.M., 1983, Am. J. Spom Med., 11, 34, 10.1177/036354658301100110 · DOI
  41. Gardner G. W., 1975, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 28, 982, 10.1093/ajcn/28.9.982 · DOI
  42. Gohil K., 1986, J. Appl. Physiol., 60, 1986, 10.1152/jappl.1986.60.6.1986 · DOI
  43. Goodwin J.S., 1985, Metabolism, 34519
  44. Guilland C., 1989, Med. Sci. Sports Exer., 21, 441, 10.1249/00005768-198908000-00017 · DOI
  45. Halioua L., 1989, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 49534
  46. Haralambie G., 1976, Nutr. Metab., 20, 1, 10.1159/000175682 · DOI
  47. Haralambie G, 1981, Znt. J. Spbrts Med., 2135
  48. Hargreaves M., 1989, Clin. Sci., 76553
  49. Haymes E.M., 1989, Znt. J. Sports Med., 10, 430
  50. Heaney R.P., 1978, J. Lab. Clin. Med., 92, 953
  51. Helgheim I., 1979, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 40, 283, 10.1007/BF00421520 · DOI
  52. Hickson J.F., 1986, Nutr. Rep. Int., 34, 85
  53. Hiller W.D.B., 1987, Am. J. Sports Med., 15, 164, 10.1177/036354658701500212 · DOI
  54. Hoogerwerf A., 1963, Physiol., 20, 164
  55. Hooper P.L., 1980, J A M, 244, 1960, 10.1001/jama.1980.03310170058030 · DOI
  56. Howald H., 1975, Sci., 258, 458
  57. Hubbard R.W., 1981, J. Appl. Physiol., 51, 8, 10.1152/jappl.1981.51.1.8 · DOI
  58. Kanders B., 1988, J. Bone Miner. Res., 3, 145, 10.1002/jbmr.5650030204 · DOI · Paper page
  59. Kant A.K., NHANES, 11, 1976
  60. Keen C.L., 1987, Metabolism, 36, 788, 10.1016/0026-0495(87)90118-1 · DOI
  61. Keith R.E., 1983, J. Sports Med., 23, 253
  62. Keren G., 1980, J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness, 20, 145
  63. Keys A., 1942, J. Nutr., 23, 259, 10.1093/jn/23.3.259 · DOI
  64. Khoo S., 1987, Ann. Sports Med., 3, 144
  65. Knochel J.P, 1977, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 301, 175, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb38196.x · DOI
  66. Knochel J.P., 1972, J. Clin. Invest., 51, 242, 10.1172/JCI106809 · DOI
  67. Kotze H.F., 1977, J. Appl. Physiol., 42, 711, 10.1152/jappl.1977.42.5.711 · DOI
  68. Kreider R.B., 1990, Med. Sci. Sports Ener., 22, 250
  69. Krotkiewski M., 1982, Acta Physiol. Scand., 116, 309, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1982.tb07146.x · DOI
  70. Lamanca J.J., 1988, Znt. J. Sports Med., 952
  71. Lane H.W., 1978, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 31, 838, 10.1093/ajcn/31.5.838 · DOI
  72. Lau E., 1988, Hong Kong., 297, 1441
  73. Lawrence J.D., 1975, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 28, 205, 10.1093/ajcn/28.3.205 · DOI
  74. Lawrence J.D., 1975, J. Am. Coll. Health Assoc., 23, 219
  75. Leklem J.E., 1983, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 38541
  76. Lijnen P., 1988, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 58, 252, 10.1007/BF00417258 · DOI
  77. Looker A, 1988, J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 88, 808, 10.1016/S0002-8223(21)07906-2 · DOI
  78. Loosli A.R., 1986, Phys. Sportsmed., 14, 118, 10.1080/00913847.1986.11709153 · DOI
  79. Lukaski H.C., 1983, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 37, 407, 10.1093/ajcn/37.3.407 · DOI
  80. Lukaski H.C., 1984, Am. J. Physiol., 247, E88
  81. Malhotra M.S., 1976, Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 47503
  82. Malhotra M.S., 1981, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 47, 169, 10.1007/BF00421669 · DOI
  83. Manore M.M., 1989, J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 89, 257, 10.1016/S0002-8223(21)02107-6 · DOI
  84. Margaria R., 1964, Physiol., 20, 281
  85. Matkovic V., 1979, Am. J. Clin. NuW., 32, 540, 10.1093/ajcn/32.3.540 · DOI · Paper page
  86. Matter M., 1987, Clin. Sci., 72, 415, 10.1042/cs0720415 · DOI
  87. Moffatt R.J, 1984, J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 84, 1361, 10.1016/S0002-8223(21)08354-1 · DOI
  88. Montoye H.J., 1955, J. Appl. Physiol., 7589
  89. Nelson P.B., 1988, Phys. Sportsmed., 16, 78, 10.1080/00913847.1988.11709624 · DOI
  90. Nice C., 1984, J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness, 24, 26
  91. Nickerson H.J., 1985, Am. J. Dis. Child., 139, 1115
  92. Nickerson H.J., 1989, J. Pediatr., 114, 657, 10.1016/S0022-3476(89)80717-6 · DOI
  93. Nielsen B., 1986, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 55, 318, 10.1007/BF02343806 · DOI
  94. Nieman D.C., 1989, J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 89, 1273, 10.1016/S0002-8223(21)02346-4 · DOI · Paper page
  95. Nieman D.C., 1989, J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 89, 1615, 10.1016/S0002-8223(21)02430-5 · DOI
  96. Nilas L., 1984, BMJ, 289, 1103, 10.1136/bmj.289.6452.1103 · DOI
  97. Nose H., 1988, J. Appl. Physiol., 65, 318, 10.1152/jappl.1988.65.1.318 · DOI
  98. Ohira Y., 1981, J. Nuh: Sci. Vit., 27537
  99. Ohla A.E., 1982, J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness, 22, 414
  100. Parr R.B., 1984, Phys. Sportsmed., 12, 81, 10.1080/00913847.1984.11701824 · DOI
  101. Parr R.B., 1984, Phys. Sportsmed., 12, 127
  102. Pate R.R., 1979, Phys. Sportsmed., 7, 81, 10.1080/00913847.1979.11948486 · DOI
  103. Paulev E., 1983, Clin. Chim. Acta, 127, 19, 10.1016/0009-8981(83)90071-2 · DOI · Paper page
  104. Pennington J.A.T., 1989, J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 89, 659, 10.1016/S0002-8223(21)02222-7 · DOI
  105. Pemow B., 1971, J. Appl. Physiol., 31, 416, 10.1152/jappl.1971.31.3.416 · DOI
  106. Pincemail J., 1988, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 57, 189, 10.1007/BF00640661 · DOI
  107. Plowman S.A., 1981, J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness, 21, 407
  108. Rajalakshmi R., 1973, Br. J. Nutr., 30, 77, 10.1079/BJN19730009 · DOI
  109. Read M.H., 1983, J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness, 23, 178
  110. Recker R.R., 1977, Ann. Intern. Med., 87549
  111. Refsum H.E., 1973, Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 32, 123, 10.3109/00365517309084339 · DOI
  112. Richardson J.H., 1979, J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness, 19, 133
  113. Riggs B.L., 1982, N. Engl. J. Med., 330, 446, 10.1056/NEJM198202253060802 · DOI · Paper page
  114. Riis B., 1987, N. Engl. J. Med., 316, 173, 10.1056/NEJM198701223160401 · DOI · Paper page
  115. Risser W.L., 1988, Med. Sci. Sports Exer., 20, 116, 10.1249/00005768-198820020-00003 · DOI
  116. Robertson J.D., 1987, B W, 295, 303
  117. Rose L.I., 1970, J. Appl. Physiol., 29, 449451
  118. Rowland T.W., 1988, Am. J. Dis. Child., 142, 165
  119. Rowland T.W., 1989, Am. J. Dis. Child., 143, 197, 10.1001/archpedi.1989.02150140087026 · DOI
  120. Sandler R.B., 1985, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 42, 270, 10.1093/ajcn/42.2.270 · DOI · Paper page
  121. Schoene R.B., 1983, J. Lab. Clin. Med., 102, 306
  122. Shaman I.M., 1976, J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness, 16, 215
  123. Shaman I.M., 1971, Br. J. Nutr., 26, 265, 10.1079/BJN19710033 · DOI
  124. Shephard R.J., 1974, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 33, 119, 10.1007/BF00449513 · DOI
  125. Shils M.E., 1984, The Nutrition Foundation, 422
  126. Short S.H., 1983, J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 82, 632, 10.1016/S0002-8223(21)00142-5 · DOI
  127. Simon-Schnass I ., 1988, Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res., 58, 49
  128. Snyder A.C., 1989, Med. Sci. Sports Exer., 21, 7, 10.1249/00005768-198902000-00002 · DOI
  129. Spioch F., 1966, Acta Physiol. Pol., 17, 204
  130. Staton W.M, 1952, Res. Quar., 23, 356
  131. Steen S.N., 1986, Phys. Sportsmed., 14, 100, 10.1080/00913847.1986.11709226 · DOI
  132. Stewart J.G., 1984, Ann. Intern. Med., 100, 843, 10.7326/0003-4819-100-6-843 · DOI
  133. Strydom N.B., 1976, J. Appl. Physiol., 41, 202, 10.1152/jappl.1976.41.2.202 · DOI
  134. Suboticanec-Buzina K., 1984, Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res., 3455
  135. Tappel A.L., 1981, E. Fed. Proc., 40, 174
  136. Tate C.A., 1978, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 39, 117, 10.1007/BF00421716 · DOI
  137. Taylor H.L., 1943, Am. J. Physiol., 140, 439, 10.1152/ajplegacy.1943.140.3.439 · DOI
  138. Tremblay A., 1984, Nutr. Res., 4, 201, 10.1016/S0271-5317(84)80005-6 · DOI
  139. Van Huss W.D, 1966, Nutr. Today, 1, 20, 10.1097/00017285-196603000-00005 · DOI
  140. Watt T., 1974, Lancet, 2, 354, 10.1016/S0140-6736(74)91739-5 · DOI
  141. Weight L.M., 1988, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 47, 192, 10.1093/ajcn/47.2.192 · DOI · Paper page
  142. Weight L.M., 1988, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 47, 186, 10.1093/ajcn/47.2.186 · DOI
  143. Welch P.K., 1987, Phys. Sportsmed., 15, 63, 10.1080/00913847.1987.11709252 · DOI · Paper page
  144. Wilkie D.R., 1986, [Letter]. BMJ, 292, 692, 10.1136/bmj.292.6521.692-a · DOI
  145. Wishnitzer R., 1983, Znt. J. Sports Med., 4, 27
  146. Worme J.D., 1990, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 51, 690, 10.1093/ajcn/51.4.690 · DOI

Cited by

See all 55

Metadata

Authors
Haymes, E. M.
Affiliations
Florida State University
Venue
International Journal of Sport Nutrition
Publisher
Human Kinetics
Published
1991-06
Volume
1
Issue
2
Pages
146-169
ISSN
1050-1606
DOI
10.1123/ijsn.1.2.146
Cited by
55
References
6

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation to Athletes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1123/ijsn.1.2.146
The paper
Haymes, E. M. (1991). Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation to Athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.1.2.146

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.