Role of osmolality and plasma volume during rehydration in humans
Abstract
To determine how the sodium content of ingested fluids affects drinking and the restoration of the body fluid compartments after dehydration, we studied six subjects during 4 h of recovery from 90-110 min of a heat [36 degrees C, less than 30% relative humidity (rh)] and exercise (40% maximal aerobic power) exposure, which caused body weight to decrease by 2.3%. During the 1st h, subjects rested seated without any fluids in a thermoneutral environment (28 degrees C, less than 30% rh) to allow the body fluid compartments to stabilize. Over the next 3 h, subjects rehydrated ad libitum using tap water and capsules containing either placebo (H2O-R) or 0.45 g NaCl (Na-R) per 100 ml water. During the 3-h rehydration period, subjects restored 68% of the lost water during H2O-R, whereas they restored 82% during Na-R (P less than 0.05). Urine volume was greater in H2O-R than in Na-R; thus only 51% of the lost water was retained during H2O-R, whereas 71% was retained during Na-R (P less than 0.05). Plasma osmolality was elevated throughout the rehydration period in Na-R, whereas it returned to the control level by 30 min in H2O-R (P less than 0.05). Changes in free water clearance followed changes in plasma osmolality. The restoration of plasma volume during Na-R was 174% of that lost. During H2O-R it was 78%, which seemed to be sufficient to diminish volume-dependent dipsogenic stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Post-exercise urine output decreases as the drink sodium concentration increases.
“Unequivocally, post-exercise urine output decreases as the drink sodium concentration increases”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [82]
Plain water is not likely sufficient to restore fluid balance following training due to the consequent decrease in plasma sodium concentration and osmolality causing diuresis.
“As these data indicate, plain water is not likely sufficient to restore fluid balance following training due to the consequent decrease in plasma sodium concentration and osmolality [82] causing diuresis.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [82]
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BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialRehydration with sodium-enriched coconut water after exercise-induced dehydration.
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Water and Electrolyte Replenishment in the Exercising Child
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The sports drink as a functional food: formulations for successful performance
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Dietary intervention and training in swimmers
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“Sodium containing drinks may also enhance post exercise fluid balance compared to water alone by increasing the sensation of thirst and therefore voluntary fluid intake (Maughan & Leiper, 1993; Nose et al., 1988a,b).”
BackgroundIntravenous vs. oral rehydration: effects on subsequent exercise-heat stress
Castellani, J. W., Maresh, C. M., Armstrong, L. E., Kenefick, R. W., Riebe, D. A., Echegaray, M., Casa, D. J., & Castracane, V. D. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.82.3.799 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Deep ocean mineral water accelerates recovery from physical fatigue
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Stookey, J. D. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11030657 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
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BackgroundExertional Heat Cramps: Recovery and Return to Play
Bergeron, M. F. (2007) · Journal of Sport Rehabilitation · doi:10.1123/jsr.16.3.190 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nose, H., Mack, G. W., Shi, X. R., & Nadel, E. R.
- Affiliations
- John B. Pierce Laboratory (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1988-07-01
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 325-331
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2157430501
- Cited by
- 304
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 2.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 20634)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- rehydration, plasma osmolality, plasma volume, sodium intake, dehydration, free water clearance, urine output, water retention, thirst, body fluid compartments
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Algorithms, Blood Volume, Body Weight, Dehydration, Electrolytes, Physical Exertion, Hot Temperature, Humans, Male, Osmolar Concentration, Sodium, Thirst, Urine, Water
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