Food and macronutrient intake of elite Kenyan distance runners
Abstract
The food and macronutrient intake of elite Kenyan runners was compared to recommendations for endurance athletes. Estimated energy intake (EI: 2987 +/- 293 kcal; mean +/- standard deviation) was lower than energy expenditure (EE: 3605 +/- 119 kcal; P < 0.001) and body mass (BM: 58.9 +/- 2.7 kg vs. 58.3 +/- 2.6 kg; P < 0.001) was reduced over the 7-d intense training period. Diet was high in carbohydrate (76.5%, 0.4 g/kg BM per day) and low in fat (13.4 %). Protein intake (10.1 %; 1.3 g/kg BM per day) matched recommendations for protein intake. Fluid intake was modest and mainly in the form of water (1113 +/- 269 mL; 0.34 +/- 0.16 mL/kcal) and tea (1243 +/- 348 mL). Although the diet met most recommendations for endurance athletes for macronutrient intake, it remains to be determined if modifying energy balance and fluid intake will enhance the performance of elite Kenyan runners.
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There are consistent reports of low energy intakes relative to calculated or expected exercise energy expenditures in various groups of East African middle- and long-distance athletes.
“there are consistent reports of low energy intakes relative to calculated or expected exercise energy expenditures in various groups of East African middle-and long-distance athletes (Fudge et al., 2006(Fudge et al., , 2008;;Onywera et al., 2004).”
From Contemporary Nutrition Strategies to Optimize Performance in Distance Runners and Race Walkers (2019) · cites this paper as Onywera et al., 2004
Dietary surveys of Kenyan and Ethiopian runners have been limited to their home environments and training camps.
“Although dietary surveys of Kenyan and Ethiopian runners have been limited to their home environments and training camps (Beis et al., 2011;Christensen et al., 2002;Fudge et al., 2006Fudge et al., , 2008;;Onywera et al., 2004)”
From Contemporary Nutrition Strategies to Optimize Performance in Distance Runners and Race Walkers (2019) · cites this paper as Onywera et al., 2004
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References 23 · Cited by 111
- Authors
- Onywera, V. O., Kiplamai, F. K., Tuitoek, P. J., Boit, M. K., & Pitsiladis, Y. P.
- Affiliations
- Kenyatta University (KE)
- Egerton University (KE)
- Venue
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2004-12
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 709-719
- ISSN
- 1526-484X (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2742
- OpenAlex
- W2135345035
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Kenyatta University Institutional Repository (Kenyatta University) (submittedVersion)
- University of Brighton Repository (University of Brighton) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- macronutrient intake, elite distance runners, Kenyan runners, energy balance, energy expenditure, carbohydrate intake, protein intake, fluid intake, endurance athletes, dietary recommendations, body mass
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Altitude, Energy Intake, Diet, Diet Surveys, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Dietary Proteins, Drinking, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Kenya, Nutritional Requirements, Physical Endurance, Running
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