Case study: dose response of caffeine on 20-km handcycling time trial performance in a paratriathlete
Open accessAbstract
Caffeine's (CAF) ability to influence upper-body exercise endurance performance may be related to an individual's training status. This case study therefore aimed to investigate the ergogenic effects of CAF dose on 20-km time trial (TT) performance of an elite male paratriathlete (wheelchair user; age = 46 years, body mass = 76.9 kg, body fat = 25.4%, and handcycling [Formula: see text]). The athlete completed four 20-km handcycling TTs on a Cyclus II ergometer under controlled laboratory conditions following the ingestion of 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg CAF or placebo (PLA). Blood lactate concentration, power output, arousal, and ratings of perceived exertion were recorded. Ingestion of 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg CAF resulted in a 2%, 1.5%, and 2.7% faster TT compared with PLA (37:40 min:s). The participant's blood lactate concentration increased throughout all trials and was greater during CAF compared with PLA. There were no obvious differences in ratings of perceived exertion between trials despite different performance times. Baseline arousal scores differed between PLA and 4 mg/kg CAF (1 = low), and 2 and 6 mg/kg CAF (3 = moderate). Arousal increased at each time point following the ingestion of 4 and 6 mg/kg CAF. The largest CAF dose resulted in a positive pacing strategy, which, when combined with an end spurt, resulted in the fastest TT. CAF improved 20-km TT performance of an elite male paratriathlete, which may be related to greater arousal and an increased power output for a given rating of perceived exertion.
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In the women's Para Va'a at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, the silver medal was won by a 51-year-old athlete who had transitioned between multiple Paralympic sports.
“In fact, in the women's Para Va'a (water paddling sport) at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, 58 the silver medal was won by a 51-year-old, an athlete that transitioned between multiple Paralympic sports.”
From Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework (2022) · cites this paper as [58]
At the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, the T34 women's 100-m track race equated to a 24% difference between first and eighth, whereas the men's T64 event over the same distance had a 6.3% differential.
“For example, at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, the T34 women's 100-m track race equated to a 24% difference between first and eighth, whereas the men's T64 event over the same distance had a 6.3% differential.58”
From Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework (2022) · cites this paper as [58]
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References 38 · Cited by 12
- Authors
- Graham-Paulson, T., Perret, C., & Goosey-Tolfrey, V.
- Affiliations
- Loughborough University (GB)
- Swiss Paraplegic Center (CH)
- Venue
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2018-05-01
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 274-278
- ISSN
- 1526-484X (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2742
- OpenAlex
- W2765885152
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Keywords
- caffeine, dose-response relationship, handcycling, wheelchair users, time trial performance, ergogenic aids, blood lactate, arousal, rating of perceived exertion, pacing strategy, output power
- MeSH terms
- Arousal, Caffeine, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Eating, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Sports, Exercise, Lactic Acid, Athletic Performance, Athletes
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