CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 6Regulation of Appetite and ObesityThermoregulation and physiological responsesCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Cold-Water Effects on Energy Balance in Healthy Women During Aqua-Cycling

Open access
Metz, Lore, Isacco, Laurie, Beaulieu, Kristine, Fearnbach, S. Nicole, Pereira, Bruno, Thivel, David, Duclos, Martine·2021·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
DOI 10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0177
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Background: While the popularity of aquatic physical activities continues to grow among women, the effects on energy expenditure (EE) and appetite control remain unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of water temperature during aqua-cycling session on EE, rate of perceived exertion, energy intake, appetite sensations, and food reward in healthy premenopausal women. Methods: Participants completed three experimental sessions, in the postprandial condition, in a randomized order: a land control session (CON), an aqua-cycling session in 18 °C (EXO18), and an aqua-cycling session in 27 °C (EXO27). The EE, food intake, appetite sensations, and food reward were investigated for each condition. Results: EXO18 induced a significant increase in EE (p < .001) and oxygen consumption (p < .01) compared with EXO27. The carbohydrate oxidation was higher in EXO18 session compared with EXO27 and CON (p < .05 and p < .001, respectively). While fat oxidation was higher in exercise sessions compared with CONT (p < .01), no difference was observed between EXO18 and EXO27. Exercise sessions did not alter absolute energy intake session but induced a decrease in relative energy intake (p < .001) and in hunger, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption compared with CON (p < .001). The authors also show here that cold-water exposure can increase EE while rate of perceived exertion is lower at the end of exercise session compared with same exercise at 27 °C (p < .05).Conclusion: An exposure to a moderately cold-water during aqua-cycling is an efficient strategy to promote increased EE and decreased hunger, which may be effective for energy balance management in healthy premenopausal women.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0177

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 36

  1. Alberton, C. L., Antunes, A. H., Beilke, D. D., Pinto, S. S., Kanitz, A. C., Tartaruga, M. P., & Martins Kruel, L. F. (2013). Maximal and ventilatory thresholds of oxygen uptake and rating of perceived exertion responses to water aerobic exercises. J Strength Cond Res, 27(7), 1897-1903. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182736e47 · DOI
  2. Alberton, C. L., Kanitz, A. C., Pinto, S. S., Antunes, A. H., Finatto, P., Cadore, E. L., & Kruel, L. F. (2013). Determining the anaerobic threshold in water aerobic exercises: a comparison between the heart rate deflection point and the ventilatory method. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 53(4), 358- 367.
  3. Ayme, K., Gavarry, O., Rossi, P., Desruelle, A. V., Regnard, J., & Boussuges, A. (2014). Effect of head-out water immersion on vascular function in healthy subjects. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 39(4), 425- 431. doi:10.1139/apnm-2013-0153 · DOI
  4. Ayme, K., Gavarry, O., Rossi, P., Guieu, R., & Boussuges, A. (2014). Changes in cardio-vascular function after a single bout of exercise performed on land or in water: a comparative study. Int J Cardiol, 176(3), 1377-1378. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.07.271 · DOI
  5. Ayme, K., Rossi, P., Gavarry, O., Chaumet, G., & Boussuges, A. (2015). Cardiorespiratory alterations induced by low-intensity exercise performed in water or on land. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 40(4), 309-315. doi:10.1139/apnm-2014-0264 · DOI
  6. Barbosa, T. M., Garrido, M. F., & Bragada, J. (2007). Physiological adaptations to head-out aquatic exercises with different levels of body immersion. J Strength Cond Res, 21(4), 1255-1259. doi:10.1519/R-20896. · DOI
  7. Barbosa, T. M., Marinho, D. A., Reis, V. M., Silva, A. J., & Bragada, J. A. (2009). Physiological assessment of head-out aquatic exercises in healthy subjects: a qualitative review. J Sports Sci Med, 8(2), 179-189.
  8. Barutcu, A., Witcomb, G. L., & James, L. J. (2019). Anticipation of aerobic exercise increases planned energy intake for a post-exercise meal. Appetite, 138, 198-203. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.03.035 · DOI
  9. Bergamin, M., Ermolao, A., Matten, S., Sieverdes, J. C., & Zaccaria, M. (2015). Metabolic and cardiovascular responses during aquatic exercise in water at different temperatures in older adults. Res Q Exerc Sport, 86(2), 163-171. doi:10.1080/02701367.2014.981629 · DOI
  10. Blundell, J. E., Gibbons, C., Caudwell, P., Finlayson, G., & Hopkins, M. (2015). Appetite control and energy balance: impact of exercise. Obes Rev, 16 Suppl 1, 67-76. doi:10.1111/obr.12257 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Borg, G., Hassmén, P., & Lagerström, M. (1987). Perceived exertion related to heart rate and blood lactate during arm and leg exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 56(6), 679-685. doi:10.1007/bf00424810 · DOI
  12. Bréchat, P. H., Wolf, J. P., Simon-Rigaud, M. L., Bréchat, N., Kantelip, J. P., Berthelay, S., & Regnard, J. (1999). Influence of immersion on respiratory requirements during 30-min cycling exercise. Eur Respir J, 13(4), 860-866. doi:10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.13d28.x · DOI
  13. Crabtree, D. R., & Blannin, A. K. (2015). Effects of exercise in the cold on Ghrelin, PYY, and food intake in overweight adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 47(1), 49-57. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000391 · DOI
  14. Crabtree, D. R., Chambers, E. S., Hardwick, R. M., & Blannin, A. K. (2014). The effects of high-intensity exercise on neural responses to images of food. Am J Clin Nutr, 99(2), 258-267. doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.071381 · DOI
  15. Dalton, M., & Finlayson, G. (2014). Psychobiological examination of liking and wanting for fat and sweet taste in trait binge eating females. Physiol Behav, 136, 128-134. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.03.019 · DOI
  16. Finlayson, G., King, N., & Blundell, J. (2008). The role of implicit wanting in relation to explicit liking and wanting for food: implications for appetite control. Appetite, 50(1), 120-127. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2007.06.007 · DOI
  17. Flint, A., Raben, A., Blundell, J. E., & Astrup, A. (2000). Reproducibility, power and validity of visual analogue scales in assessment of appetite sensations in single test meal studies. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24(1), 38-48. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801083 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Gagnon, D. D., Perrier, L., Dorman, S. C., Oddson, B., Larivière, C., & Serresse, O. (2020). Ambient temperature influences metabolic substrate oxidation curves during running and cycling in healthy men. Eur J Sport Sci, 20(1), 90-99. doi:10.1080/17461391.2019.1612949 · DOI
  19. Gagnon, D. D., Rintamäki, H., Gagnon, S. S., Cheung, S. S., Herzig, K. H., Porvari, K., & Kyröläinen, H. (2013). Cold exposure enhances fat utilization but not non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol or catecholamines availability during submaximal walking and running. Front Physiol, 4, 99. doi:10.3389/fphys.2013.00099 · DOI
  20. Garzon, M., Dupuy, O., Bosquet, L., Nigam, A., Comtois, A. S., Juneau, M., & Gayda, M. (2017). Thermoneutral immersion exercise accelerates heart rate recovery: A potential novel training modality. Eur J Sport Sci, 17(3), 310-316. doi:10.1080/17461391.2016.1226391 · DOI
  21. Garzon, M., Juneau, M., Dupuy, O., Nigam, A., Bosquet, L., Comtois, A., & Gayda, M. (2015). Cardiovascular and hemodynamic responses on dryland vs. immersed cycling. J Sci Med Sport, 18(5), 619-623. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2014.08.005 · DOI
  22. Haman, F., Péronnet, F., Kenny, G. P., Massicotte, D., Lavoie, C., & Weber, J. M. (2005). Partitioning oxidative fuels during cold exposure in humans: muscle glycogen becomes dominant as shivering intensifies. J Physiol, 566(Pt 1), 247-256. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.086272 · DOI
  23. Howe, S. M., Hand, T. M., & Manore, M. M. (2014). Exercise-trained men and women: role of exercise and diet on appetite and energy intake. Nutrients, 6(11), 4935-4960. doi:10.3390/nu6114935 · DOI
  24. Janiszewski, P. M., & Ross, R. (2009). The utility of physical activity in the management of global cardiometabolic risk. Obesity (Silver Spring), 17 Suppl 3, S3-S14. doi:10.1038/oby.2009.382 · DOI
  25. McArdle, W. D., Magel, J. R., Lesmes, G. R., & Pechar, G. S. (1976). Metabolic and cardiovascular adjustment to work in air and water at 18, 25, and 33 degrees C. J Appl Physiol, 40(1), 85-90. doi:10.1152/jappl.1976.40.1.85 · DOI
  26. McArdle, W. D., Toner, M. M., Magel, J. R., Spina, R. J., & Pandolf, K. B. (1992). Thermal responses of men and women during cold-water immersion: influence of exercise intensity. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 65(3), 265-270. doi:10.1007/bf00705092 · DOI
  27. Miguet, M., Fillon, A., Khammassi, M., Masurier, J., Julian, V., Pereira, B., . . . Thivel, D. (2018). Appetite, energy intake and food reward responses to an acute High Intensity Interval Exercise in adolescents with obesity. Physiol Behav, 195, 90-97. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.07.018 · DOI
  28. Morlock, J. F., & Dressendorfer, R. H. (1974). Modification of a standard bicycle ergometer for underwater use. Undersea Biomed Res, 1(4), 335-342.
  29. Pendergast, D. R., Moon, R. E., Krasney, J. J., Held, H. E., & Zamparo, P. (2015). Human Physiology in an Aquatic Environment. Compr Physiol, 5(4), 1705-1750. doi:10.1002/cphy.c140018 · DOI
  30. Pomerleau, M., Imbeault, P., Parker, T., & Doucet, E. (2004). Effects of exercise intensity on food intake and appetite in women. Am J Clin Nutr, 80(5), 1230-1236. doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.5.1230 · DOI
  31. Péronnet, F., & Massicotte, D. (1991). Table of nonprotein respiratory quotient: an update. Can J Sport Sci, 16(1), 23-29.
  32. Rocha, J., Paxman, J., Dalton, C., Winter, E., & Broom, D. (2015). Effects of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on immediate and subsequent three-day food intake and energy expenditure in active and inactive pre-menopausal women taking oral contraceptives. Appetite, 89, 183-191. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.02.005 · DOI
  33. Schaun, G. Z., Pinto, S. S., Praia, A. B. C., & Alberton, C. L. (2018). Energy expenditure and EPOC between water-based high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training sessions in healthy women. J Sports Sci, 36(18), 2053-2060. doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1435967 · DOI
  34. Shapiro, Y., Avellini, B. A., Toner, M. M., & Pandolf, K. B. (1981). Modification of the Monark bicycle ergometer for underwater exercise. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol, 50(3), 679-683. doi:10.1152/jappl.1981.50.3.679 · DOI
  35. Sheldahl, L. M., Buskirk, E. R., Loomis, J. L., Hodgson, J. L., & Mendez, J. (1982). Effects of exercise in cool water on body weight loss. Int J Obes, 6(1), 29-42.
  36. Shorten, A. L., Wallman, K. E., & Guelfi, K. J. (2009). Acute effect of environmental temperature during exercise on subsequent energy intake in active men. Am J Clin Nutr, 90(5), 1215-1221. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28162 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Metz, L., Isacco, L., Beaulieu, K., Fearnbach, S. N., Pereira, B., Thivel, D., & Duclos, M.
Affiliations
  • Université Clermont Auvergne (FR)
  • University of Leeds (GB)
  • Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
  • Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand (FR)
  • Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (MA)
Corresponding author
Metz, Lore
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
Publisher
Human Kinetics
Published
2021-05-01
Volume
31
Issue
3
Pages
236-243
ISSN
  • 1526-484X (ISSN-L)
  • 1543-2742
DOI
10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0177
OpenAlex
W3132562949
Cited by
6
References
1
Citations by year
2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1
FWCI
0.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (submittedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
cold water exposure, water temperature, energy expenditure, energy balance, appetite, hunger, dietary intake, food reward, rating of perceived exertion, carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, premenopausal women, aquatic exercise
MeSH terms
Appetite, Bicycling, Energy Intake, Cold Temperature, Dietary Carbohydrates, Eating, Energy Metabolism, Physical Exertion, Female, Food Preferences, Hot Temperature, Humans, Hunger, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen Consumption, Perception, Random Allocation, Reward, Water, Premenopause, Postprandial Period, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review