Exercise, affect, and adherence: an integrated model and a case for self-paced exercise
Open accessAbstract
The article reviews research relevant to a proposed conceptual model of exercise adherence that integrates the dual mode model and hedonic theory. Exercise intensity is posited to influence affective response to exercise via interoceptive (e.g., ventila-tory drive) and cognitive (e.g., perceived autonomy) pathways; affective response to exercise is posited to influence exercise adherence via anticipated affective response to future exercise. The potential for self-paced exercise to enhance exercise adherence is examined in the context of the proposed model and suggestions are given for future research. Further evidence in support of self-paced exercise could have implications for exercise prescription, especially among overweight, sedentary adults, who are most in need of interventions that enhance adherence to exercise programs.
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Affective responses to exercise may be important predictors of adoption and maintenance, and encouraging activity at intensities below the ventilatory threshold may be most beneficial.
“Affective responses to exercise may be important predictors of adoption and maintenance, and encouraging activity at intensities below the ventilatory threshold may be most beneficial ( 172 , 277 , 278 ).”
From Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [277]
The learning theory postulates that immediate affective responses should be better predictors of future exercise than the affective responses observed after the exercise session.
“The learning theory postulates that immediate affective responses should be better predictors of future exercise than the affective responses observed after the exercise session [33].”
From Continuous and high-intensity interval training: Which promotes higher pleasure? (2013) · cites this paper as [33]
It is not well known whether individuals choose to continue to engage in physical activities based on perceptions experienced during or after exercise.
“it is not well known whether individuals choose to continue to engage in physical activities based on perceptions experienced during or after exercise.”
From Continuous and high-intensity interval training: Which promotes higher pleasure? (2013) · cites this paper as [33]
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References 180 · Cited by 404
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Ekkekakis P Stelter R Roessler KK The study of affective responses to acute exercise: The dual-mode model New approaches to exercise and sport psychology 2005 119 46 Meyer & Meyer Sport Oxford, United Kingdom
- Kirsch I Response expectancy theory and application: a deccenial review Applied and Preventive Psychology 1997 6 69 80
- Richard R van der Pligt J de Vries N Anticipated regret and time perspective: changing sexual risk-taking behavior Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 1996a 9 185 199
- Stone A Shiffman S Atienza A Nebeling L Stone AA Shiffman S Atienza AA Nebeling L Historic roots and rationale of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) The Science of Real-Time Data Capture: Self-Reports in Health Research 2007 3 10 Oxford University Press New York
- Williams DM Piloting a self-paced exercise program among previously sedentary women Journal of Women's Health 2007 16 1101
- Authors
- Williams, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Williams, David M.
- ORCID
- Williams, David M.
- Venue
- Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 471-496
- ISSN
- 0895-2779 (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2904
- PMC
- PMC4222174
- OpenAlex
- W2171417939
- Cited by
- 404
- References
- 180
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 11.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (F32HL078709, HL78709)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K12HD043447, HD043447)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- exercise adherence, self-paced exercise, affective responses to exercise, dual-mode model, exercise intensity, interoception, respiratory drive, perceived autonomy, anticipated affect, exercise prescription, sedentary adults, overweight adults
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Health Promotion, Humans, Internal-External Control, Models, Psychological, Motivation, Respiration, Self Care, Health Behavior, Exercise
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