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Cited by 276Shoulder Injury and TreatmentMusculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationAnesthesia and Pain Management

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Responsiveness of the Numeric Pain Rating Scale in Patients With Shoulder Pain and the Effect of Surgical Status

Michener, Lori A., Snyder, Alison R., Leggin, Brian G.·2011·Journal of Sport Rehabilitation
DOI 10.1123/jsr.20.1.115
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Abstract

Context: The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is commonly used to assess pain. Change in the NPRS across time can be interpreted with responsiveness indices. Objective: To determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the NPRS. Design: Single-group repeated measures. Setting: Outpatient rehabilitation clinics. Patients: Patients with shoulder pain (N = 136). Main Outcome Measures: At the initial evaluation patients completed the Penn Shoulder Score (PSS), which includes pain, satisfaction, and function sections. Pain was measured using an 11-point NPRS for 3 conditions of pain: at rest, with normal daily activities, and with strenuous activities. The NPRS average was calculated by averaging the NPRS scores for 3 conditions of pain. The final PSS was completed after 3–4 wk of rehabilitation. To determine the MCID for the NPRS average, the minimal detectible change of 8.6 points for the PSS function scale (0–60 points) was used as an external criterion anchor to classify patients as meaningfully improved (≥8.6 point change) or not improved (<8.6-point change). The MCID for the NPRS average was also determined for subgroups of surgical and nonsurgical patients. Cohen’s effect sizes were calculated as a measure of group responsiveness for the NPRS average. Results: Using a receiver-operating-characteristic analysis, the MCID for the average NPRS for all patients was 2.17, and it was 2.17 for both the surgical and nonsurgical subgroup: area-under-the-curve range .74–.76 (95%CI: .55–.95). The effect size for all patients was 1.84, and it was 1.51 and 1.94 for the surgical and nonsurgical groups, respectively. Conclusions: The NPRS average of 3 pain questions demonstrated responsiveness with an MCID of 2.17 in patients with shoulder pain receiving rehabilitation for 3–4 wk. The effect sizes indicated a large effect. However, responsiveness values are not static. Further research is indicated to assess responsiveness of the NPRS average in different types of patients with shoulder pain.

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Crossref · 10.1123/jsr.20.1.115

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Metadata

Authors
Michener, L. A., Snyder, A. R., & Leggin, B. G.
Affiliations
Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
ORCID
Michener, Lori A.
Venue
Journal of Sport Rehabilitation
Publisher
Human Kinetics
Published
2011-02
Volume
20
Issue
1
Pages
115-128
ISSN
  • 1056-6716 (ISSN-L)
  • 1543-3072
DOI
10.1123/jsr.20.1.115
OpenAlex
W2130562956
Cited by
275
References
31
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 1
FWCI
6.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Sport Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Ministerul Cercetării, Inovării şi Digitalizării
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Shoulder Injury and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Pain Management
Keywords
numerical pain rating scale, shoulder pain, minimal clinically important difference, responsiveness, shoulder rehabilitation, Penn Shoulder Score, pain assessment, effect size
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Surveys and Questionnaires, ROC Curve, Shoulder Joint, Treatment Outcome, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Area Under Curve, Shoulder Pain, Self Report

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