A Metabolic Screening Study of Trichostatin A (TSA) and TSA-Like Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Rat and Human Primary Hepatocyte Cultures
Abstract
Hydroxamic acid (HA)-based histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, with trichostatin A (TSA) as the reference compound, are potential antitumoral drugs and show promise in the creation of long-term primary cell cultures. However, their metabolic properties have barely been investigated. TSA is rapidly inactivated in rodents both in vitro and in vivo. We previously found that 5-(4-dimethylaminobenzoyl)aminovaleric acid hydroxyamide or 4-Me2N-BAVAH (compound 1) is metabolically more stable upon incubation with rat hepatocyte suspensions. In this study, we show that human hepatocytes also metabolize TSA more rapidly than compound 1 and that similar pathways are involved. Furthermore, structural analogs of compound 1 (compounds 2-9) are reported to have the same favorable metabolic properties. Removal of the dimethylamino substituent of compound 1 creates a very stable but 50% less potent inhibitor. Chain lengthening (4 to 5 carbon spacer) slightly improves both potency and metabolic stability, favoring HA reduction to hydrolysis. On the other hand, Calpha-unsaturation and spacer methylation not only reduce HDAC inhibition but also increase the rate of metabolic inactivation approximately 2-fold, mainly through HA reduction. However, in rat hepatocyte monolayer cultures, compound 1 is shown to be extensively metabolized by phase II conjugation. In conclusion, this study suggests that simple structural modifications of amide-linked TSA analogs can improve their phase I metabolic stability in both rat and human hepatocyte suspensions. Phase II glucuronidation, however, can compensate for their lower phase I metabolism in rat hepatocyte monolayers and could play a yet unidentified role in the determination of their in vivo clearance.
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More stable and more specific KDAC inhibitors have been developed and are contemplated for application in anticancer therapy.
“The short half-life of TSA does not make it a good candidate for in vivo use (42), but more stable and more specific KDAC inhibitors have been developed and are contemplated for application in anticancer therapy (43, 44).”
From Identification of a Key Lysine Residue in Heat Shock Protein 90 Required for Azole and Echinocandin Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus (2014) · cites this paper as [43]
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Self-citationBindingDB Entry 50027635: Histone deacetylase inhibitors through click chemistry.
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- Authors
- Elaut, G., Laus, G., Alexandre, E., Richert, L., Bachellier, P., Tourwé, D., Rogiers, V., & Vanhaecke, T.
- Affiliations
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (BE)
- Venue
- The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-04
- Volume
- 321
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 400-408
- ISSN
- 0022-3565 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2138147574
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Research
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Enzyme function and inhibition
- Keywords
- trichostatin A, histone deacetylase inhibitors, hydroxamic acid derivatives, drug metabolism, metabolic stability, primary hepatocytes, human hepatocytes, rat hepatocytes, phase I metabolism, structural analogues, hydrolysis, anticancer agents, drug clearance
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biotransformation, Cell Membrane, Cell Separation, Cells, Cultured, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Enzyme Inhibitors, Humans, Hydroxamic Acids, Indicators and Reagents, Male, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Hepatocytes, Rats, Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors, In Vitro Techniques
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