Prebiotic chemicals—amino acid and phosphorus—in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
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The detection of glycine and phosphorus in the coma of 67P shows that comets contain all ingredients to help spark life on Earth.
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Comets are rich in organic material that may have contributed to the rise of life on Earth.
“Comets are also rich in organic material that may have contributed to the rise of life on Earth (e.g., Delsemme, 2000; Altwegg et al., 2016; see Sections 3.1.1 and 6.1.3).”
From The Astrobiology Primer v2.0 (2016) · cites this paper as Altwegg et al., 2016
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“Phosphorus and a rich inventory of organic molecules, including methyl cyanate, acetone, propionaldehyde, and acetamide, were detected on the surface (Goesmann et al., 2015) and glycine, methylamine, and ethylamine were detected in the coma (Altwegg et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSulphur-bearing species in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
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“In addition to the sulphur species 67P also contains O2 (Bieler et al. 2015), HCN, CH4 (Le Roy et al. 2015) and glycine (Altwegg et al. 2016) in its coma.”
BackgroundSelf-citationHigh-molecular-weight organic matter in the particles of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Fray, N., Bardyn, A., Cottin, H., Altwegg, K., Baklouti, D., Briois, C., Colangeli, L., Engrand, C., Fischer, H., Glasmachers, A., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature19320 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citationElemental and molecular abundances in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Rubin, M., Altwegg, K., Balsiger, H., Berthelier, J., Combi, M., de Keyser, J., Drozdovskaya, M., Fiethe, B., Fuselier, S., Gasc, S., et al. (2019) · Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2086 · Cited by 141
“Nevertheless, there are a few notable differences in both data sets, including the sulphur-bearing species SO, SO2, and S2, which may be partially associated with semi-volatile species in grains (Altwegg et al. 2016; Calmonte et al. 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationWater Reservoirs in Small Planetary Bodies: Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets
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“The inventory of organics is very rich as can be seen from measurements at 67P (Goesmann et al. 2015; Le Roy et al. 2015; Wright et al. 2015; Altwegg et al. 2016; Calmonte et al. 2016).”
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“The 10 km orbits prior to lander deployment also facilitated the first detection of the amino acid glycine and also phosphorus [97], adding to the top of the list of the veritable volatile zoo detected by Rosetta.”
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“One step farther, amino acids are found in cometary and meteoritic material (Elsila et al. 2009; Altwegg et al. 2016; Pizzarello et al. 1991).”
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“However, their volume mixing ratios relative to water are less than a few per cent, often significantly less (Goesmann et al. 2015; Le Roy et al. 2015; Luspay-Kuti et al. 2015; Wright et al. 2015; Altwegg et al. 2016).”
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“The simplest amino acid, glycine (NH2CH2COOH), has not been detected in the interstellar medium, but numerous amino acids have been found in meteorites (Kvenvolden et al. 1970), and glycine has been detected in two comets: Wild 2 (Elsila et al. 2009) and Churyumov–Gerasimenko (Altwegg et al. 2016).”
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“In our Solar system, the presence of phosphorus has been recently reported in comet 67P/Churyumov– Gerasimeno (Altwegg et al. 2016), although the nature of the actual carriers remain to be identified.”
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“For example, the highly complex molecule glycine is detected at a ratio of 0.5 relative to methanol on 67P (Le Roy et al. 2015; Altwegg et al. 2016).”
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“Some of these prebiotic molecules have been discovered in Solartype star-forming regions (Cazaux et al. 2003; Jørgensen et al. 2012; Kahane et al. 2013) as well as in meteoritic (Kvenvolden et al. 1970) and cometary (Elsila et al. 2010; Altwegg et al. 2016) material.”
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“…in the remnants of our own PPD, comets (e.g., Boissier et al. 2007; Le Roy et al. 2015; Calmonte et al. 2016), which could actually even be relics from its parent ISM molecular cloud according to the Rosetta analysis of the 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko cometary ices (e.g., Altwegg et al. 2016).”
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“Bringing to mind the newest data on the coma of comet 67P, the Rosetta ROSINA mass spectrometer measured a wondrously diverse ‘zoo’ of gas-phase carbonaceous molecules including S-bearing molecules (the zoo’s skunks).”
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“…respect to water, or * 10 - 8 with respect to H 2 ; Mun˜oz Caro et al. , 2002), and it is consistent with the abundance range inferred by Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis in comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (between 0 and 0.0025 with respect to water; Altwegg et al. , 2016).”
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“A recent discovery (Altwegg et al. 2016) suggested comets carry P that was volatilized and detected within 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.”
BackgroundPathways to Meteoritic Glycine and Methylamine
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“Additional phosphorus may come from cometary volatiles (e.g. Altwegg et al., 2016 (20)), similar to halogens.”
BackgroundAn interstellar synthesis of phosphorus oxoacids
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“Then, in situ detection was reported in the atmosphere of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (hereafter 67P) during the Rosetta mission (Altwegg et al. 2016).”
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“Numerous extraterrestrial amino acids have been discovered in meteorites (Botta & Bada 2002) and one in comets (Altwegg et al. 2016).”
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“In addition, the mass spectrometer Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) on board the Rosetta mother spacecraft detected Gly (75 Da), the simplest amino acid, in the coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, confirming the Stardust results [90].”
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The ALMA-PILS survey: Stringent limits on small amines and nitrogen-oxides towards IRAS 16293–2422B
Ligterink, N., Calcutt, H., Coutens, A., Kristensen, L., Bourke, T., Drozdovskaya, M., Müller, H., Wampfler, S., van der Wiel, M. V. D., van Dishoeck, E., et al. (2018) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731980 · Cited by 41
“Reactions involving these molecules could explain the presence of simplest amino acid glycine in comets (Elsila et al. 2009; Altwegg et al. 2016).”
BackgroundA pathway to peptides in space through the condensation of atomic carbon
Krasnokutski, S., Chuang, K.-J., Jäger, C., Ueberschaar, N., & Henning, T. (2022) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-021-01577-9 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Singh, S., Zhu, C., Jeunesse, J. L., Fortenberry, R., & Kaiser, R. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-27963-z · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Cometary Nuclei—From Giotto to Rosetta
Keller, H., & Kuhrt, E. (2020) · doi:10.1007/s11214-020-0634-6 · Cited by 40
“The confirmation of the amino acid glycine (Altwegg et al. 2016) could be a hint that comets may have brought ingredients of life to Earth in an early phase of the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB) but this remains speculative and is not at all proved.”
BackgroundBizzocchi, L., Prudenzano, D., Rivilla, V., Pietropolli-Charmet, A., Giuliano, B., Caselli, P., Martín-Pintado, J., Jim'enez-Serra, I., Martín, S., Requena-Torres, M., et al. (2020) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038083 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Jones, G. H., Snodgrass, C., Tubiana, C., Küppers, M., Kawakita, H., Lara, L. M., Agarwal, J., André, N., Attree, N. O., Auster, U., et al. (2024) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-023-01035-0 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationIonize Hard: Interstellar PO+ Detection
Rivilla, V., de la Concepción, J. G., Jímenez-Serra, I., Martín-Pintado, J., Colzi, L., Tercero, B., Megías, A., López-Gallifa, Á., Martínez-Henares, A., Massalkhi, S., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences · doi:10.3389/fspas.2022.829288 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Recently, the measurements of the Rosetta spacecraft detected P in the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (Altwegg et al., 2016), which is predominantly in the form of phosphorus monoxide, PO (Rivilla et al.”
Lingam, M., & Loeb, A. (2018) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aada02 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Recently, the ROSINA (Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis) mass spectrometer was able to detect phosphorus (presumably in the form of PH3) in the coma of a comet (67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko) for the first time (Altwegg et al. 2016).”
BackgroundMeteoritic abundances of fatty acids and potential reaction pathways in planetesimals
Lai, J., Pearce, B. K. D., Pudritz, R., & Lee, D. (2018) · Icarus (New York, N.Y. 1962) · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.09.028 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Ribonucleotides and RNA Promote Peptide Chain Growth.
Griesser, H., Tremmel, P., Kervio, E., Pfeffer, C., Steiner, U., & Richert, C. (2017) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/anie.201610650 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Lamarck and Panspermia - On the Efficient Spread of Living Systems Throughout the Cosmos.
Steele, E., Gorczynski, R. M., Lindley, R., Liu, Y.-S., Temple, R., Tokoro, G., Wickramasinghe, D. T., & Wickramasinghe, N. (2019) · Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.08.010 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Sugahara, H., Meinert, C., Nahon, L., Jones, N. C., Hoffmann, S. V., Hamase, K., Takano, Y., & Meierhenrich, U. J. (2018) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.01.004 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Mitri, G., Postberg, F., Soderblom, J., Wurz, P., Tortora, P., Abel, B., Barnes, J., Berga, M., Carrasco, N., Coustenis, A., et al. (2017) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2017.11.001 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationCordiner, M. A., Charnley, S. B., Kisiel, Z., McGuire, B. A., & Kuan, Y.-J. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa970c · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“…known interstellar organics are also present in protoplanetary disks and in comets (e.g., Biver et al. 2015; Cochran et al. 2015; Öberg et al. 2015; Altwegg et al. 2016; Walsh et al. 2016) supports the view that interstellar clouds could plausibly be the first formation sites for the prebiotic…”
BackgroundIncubating life; prebiotic sources of organics for the origin of life
Dalai, P., Kaddour, H., & Sahai, N. (2016) · Elements · doi:10.2113/gselements.12.6.401 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Electron asymmetries in the photoionization of chiral molecules: possible astrophysical implications
Hadidi, R., Božanić, D., Garcia, G., & Nahon, L. (2018) · Advances in Physics X · doi:10.1080/23746149.2018.1477530 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Lingam, M., & Loeb, A. (2018) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s1473550418000083 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“From the standpoint of sources, phosphorus may be delivered via cometary impacts and meteorites (Pasek and Lauretta, 2008; Altwegg et al., 2016), and the amount delivered exogenously can be quite high depending on the cratering rate.”
BackgroundDetection of a new methylamine (CH3NH2) source: Candidate for future glycine surveys
Ohishi, M., Suzuki, T., Hirota, T., Saito, M., & Kaifu, N. (2017) · Nippon Tenmon Gakkai obun kenkyu hokoku · doi:10.1093/pasj/psz068 · Cited by 32
“The detection of glycine as well as CH3NH2 from the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (Altwegg et al. 2016) further supports the hypothesis that CH3NH2 is a precursor to glycine.”
BackgroundAmino acid gas phase circular dichroism and implications for the origin of biomolecular asymmetry
Meinert, C., Garcia, A., Topin, J., Jones, N., Diekmann, M., Berger, R., Nahon, L., Hoffmann, S., & Meierhenrich, U. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28184-0 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Zeng, S., Jímenez-Serra, I., Rivilla, V., Martín-Pintado, J., Rodríguez-Almeida, L., Tercero, B., de Vicente, P., Rico-Villas, F., Colzi, L., Martín, S., et al. (2021) · Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac2c7e · Cited by 31
de la Concepción, J. G., Puzzarini, C., Barone, V., Jímenez-Serra, I., & Roncero, O. (2021) · Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac1e94 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“…the early Earth during the Late Heavy Bombardment period, i.e., between 4.1 to 3.8 billion years ago, when this element was delivered by the impact of small bodies such as meteorites (Pasek & Lauretta 2005) and comets similar to Halley and 67P/ Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P/C-G; Altwegg et al. 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialTruong, N., Monroe, A., Glein, C., Anbar, A., & Lunine, J. (2019) · Icarus (New York, N.Y. 1962) · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.04.009 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“, 1970, Cronin & Pizzarello, 1997), and the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (Altwegg et al., 2016).”
BackgroundCONSERT constrains the internal structure of 67P at a few metres size scale
Ciarletti, V., Hérique, A., Lasue, J., Levasseur-Regourd, A., Plettemeier, D., Lemmonier, F., Guiffaut, C., Pasquero, P., & Kofman, W. (2017) · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx3132 · Cited by 31
“…ices (mainly H 2 O, CO 2 and CO) and refractory dust particles (typically minerals and organic compounds) as they are detected in the coma of comets from ground-based observations and in situ measurements (e.g. Cochran et al. 2015; Wright et al. 2015; Altwegg et al. 2016; Fray et al. 2016).”
Prebiotic organic compounds in samples of asteroid Bennu indicate heterogeneous aqueous alteration
Mojarro, A., Aponte, J., Dworkin, J., Elsila, J., Glavin, D., Connolly, H., & Lauretta, D. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.2512461122 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Organic - rich carbonaceous chondrite meteorites collected on Earth, originating from carbonaceous asteroids or extinct comets, contain various prebiotically relevant molecules including nucleobases ( 3 ) and amino acids ( 4 – 6 ).”
Todd, Z. R. (2022) · Life · doi:10.3390/life12081268 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Comets also contain phosphorus; in particular, the Rosetta mission to Comet 67P/ Churyumov–Gerasimenko detected phosphorus [142], which was later suggested to be in the form of PO [220].”
BackgroundIdentification of Glycolaldehyde Enol (HOHC═CHOH) in Interstellar Analogue Ices.
Kleimeier, N., Eckhardt, A., & Kaiser, R. (2021) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.1c07978 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Potapov, A., Jäger, C., & Henning, T. (2018) · Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aad803 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“A number of amino acids have been found in comets and meteorites (Cronin & Chang 1993; Elsila et al. 2009; Altwegg et al. 2016) and have been produced in interstellar ice analogs in the laboratory (Bernstein et al. 2002; Muñoz Caro et al. 2002; Nuevo et al. 2006; Elsila et al. 2007).”
BackgroundSimulations of Ice Chemistry in Cometary Nuclei
Garrod, R. (2019) · Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab418e · Cited by 29
“Altwegg et al. (2016) suggest that the variation they detect is caused by changing conditions on the comet rather than uncertainty in the values.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialStalport, F., Rouquette, L., Poch, O., Dequaire, T., Chaouche-Mechidal, N., Payart, S., Szopa, C., Coll, P., Chaput, D., Jaber, M., et al. (2019) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2018.2001 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationData-Driven Astrochemistry: One Step Further within the Origin of Life Puzzle
Ruf, A., d'Hendecourt, L., & Schmitt-Kopplin, P. (2018) · Life · doi:10.3390/life8020018 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Various organic molecules, including the smallest amino acid glycine [38] or high-molecular-weight organic compounds [39], were detected by the Rosetta mission.”
BackgroundAchiral amino acid glycine acts as an origin of homochirality in asymmetric autocatalysis
Matsumoto, A., Ozaki, H., Tsuchiya, S., Asahi, T., Lahav, M., Kawasaki, T., & Soai, K. (2019) · Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c9ob00345b · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Grün, E., Krüger, H., & Srama, R. (2019) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-019-0610-1 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Isnard, R., Bardyn, A., Fray, N., Briois, C., Cottin, H., Paquette, J., Stenzel, O., Alexander, C. M. O. '., Baklouti, D., Engrand, C., et al. (2018) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834797 · Cited by 28
“…than the H/C values (≥2) of the small volatile hydrocarbons (e.g., ethane, methanol, or glycine) that were detected in the gaseous coma of 67P (Le Roy et al. 2015b; Altwegg et al. 2016) by the Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) instrument (Balsiger et al. 2007).”
MethodSelf-citationAccolla, M., Pellegrino, G., Baratta, G., Condorelli, G., Fedoseev, G., Scirè, C., Palumbo, M., & Strazzulla, G. (2018) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834057 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“…that the delivery of extraterrestrial organic compounds by means of interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), comets and meteorites may have contributed to seed the early Earth with the building blocks of life few billion of years ago (see Cobb et al. 2015; Altwegg et al. 2016, and references therein).”
BackgroundChemical Modeling for Predicting the Abundances of Certain Aldimines and Amines in Hot Cores
Sil, M., Gorai, P., Das, A., Bhat, B., Etim, E., & Chakrabarti, S. (2017) · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa984d · Cited by 27
“Both the precursor molecules (methylamine and ethylamine) of glycine were observed in comet Wild 2 (Glavin et al. 2008) and in the coma of 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (by the Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis mass spectrometer; Altwegg et al. 2016).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialOrganic Matter in the Solar System—Implications for Future on-Site and Sample Return Missions
Martins, Z., Chan, Q., Bonal, L., King, A., & Yabuta, H. (2020) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-020-00679-6 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Recent total cross section measurements in electron scattering from molecules
Szmytkowski, C., & Możejko, P. (2020) · doi:10.1140/epjd/e2020-100646-0 · Cited by 26
Exocomets from a Solar System Perspective
Strøm, P., Bodewits, D., Knight, M., Kiefer, F., Jones, G., Kral, Q., Matrá, L., Bodman, E. H. L., Capria, M., Cleeves, I., et al. (2020) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1088/1538-3873/aba6a0 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“…on board Rosetta detected more than 55 different species surrounding 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (Altwegg & ROSINA Team 2018), including the amino acid glycine (Altwegg et al. 2016), molecular oxygen (Bieler et al. 2015), and the noble gases Ar and Xe (Balsiger et al. 2015; Marty et al. 2017).”
BackgroundCondensation of Atomic Carbon: Possible Routes toward Glycine
Krasnokutski, S., Jäger, C., & Henning, T. (2020) · Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab60a1 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Collecting amino acids in the Enceladus plume
Guzman, M., Lorenz, R., Hurley, D., Farrell, W., Spencer, J., Hansen, C., Hurford, T., Ibea, J., Carlson, P., & Mckay, C. (2018) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s1473550417000544 · Cited by 25
Turner, A., Abplanalp, M., Blair, T. J., Dayuha, R., & Kaiser, R. (2018) · Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aa9183 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Fujihara, A., & Maeda, N. (2017) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2017.04.027 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Calmonte, U., Altwegg, K., Balsiger, H., Berthelier, J., Bieler, A., de Keyser, J., Fiethe, B., Fuselier, S., Gasc, S., Gombosi, T., et al. (2017) · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2534 · Cited by 24
“…December 2017 was assumed that both peaks are possibly present as O2, with about 4 per cent relative to water, is one of the major gas species in the coma of 67P (Bieler et al. 2015) and because P, a possible fragment of PH3, has been detected and its origin is not clear yet (Altwegg et al. 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCometary Materials Originating from Interstellar Ices: Clues from Laboratory Experiments
Fresneau, A., Mrad, N. A., d'Hendecourt, L., Duvernay, F., Flandinet, L., Orthous-Daunay, F., Vuitton, V., Thissen, R., Chiavassa, T., & Danger, G. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa618a · Cited by 24 · see citing works
On the Abiotic Origin of Dimethyl Sulfide: Discovery of Dimethyl Sulfide in the Interstellar Medium
Sanz-Novo, M., Rivilla, V., Endres, C. P., Lattanzi, V., Jim'enez-Serra, I., Colzi, L., Zeng, S., Megías, A., López-Gallifa, Á., Martínez-Henares, A., et al. (2025) · Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adafa7 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
On the importance of studying asteroids: A comprehensive review
Azadmanesh, M., Roshanian, J., & Hassanalian, M. (2023) · Progress in Aerospace Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100957 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Taubner, R.-S., Baumann, L. M. F., Bauersachs, T., Clifford, E. L., Mähnert, B., Reischl, B., Seifert, R., Peckmann, J., Rittmann, S., & Birgel, D. (2019) · Life · doi:10.3390/life9040085 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“However, it was later unambiguously found in samples of the comets Wild 2 [76] and 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko [77].”
BackgroundKroonblawd, M., Lindsey, R., & Goldman, N. (2019) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/c9sc00155g · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Altwegg, K., Balsiger, H., Bar-Nun, A., Berthelier, J.-J., Bieler, A., Bochsler, P., Briois, C., Calmonte, U., Combi, M. R., Cottin, H., De Keyser, J., Dhooghe, F., Fiethe, B., Fuselier, S. A., Gasc, S., Gombosi, T. I., Hansen, K. C., Haessig, M., Jäckel, A., Kopp, E., Korth, A., Le Roy, L., Mall, U., Marty, B., Mousis, O., Owen, T., Rème, H., Rubin, M., Sémon, T., Tzou, C.-Y., Hunter Waite, J., & Wurz, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Bern (CH)
- Department of Geoscience, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Université d'Orléans (FR)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Ringlaan 3, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BE)
- Institute of Computer and Network Engineering (IDA), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Straße 66, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Southwest Research Institute (US)
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
- Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (DE)
- Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Department of Space Science, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA.
- Corresponding author
- Altwegg, Kathrin
- ORCID
- Altwegg, Kathrin
- Balsiger, Hans
- Bar-Nun, Akiva
- Berthelier, Jean-Jacques
- Bieler, Andre
- Briois, Christelle
- Calmonte, Ursina
- Combi, Michael R.
- Cottin, Hervé
- De Keyser, Johan
- Dhooghe, Frederik
- Fuselier, Stephen A.
- Gasc, Sébastien
- Gombosi, Tamas I.
- Hansen, Kenneth C.
- Jäckel, Annette
- Kopp, Ernest
- Le Roy, Lena
- Mall, Urs
- Marty, Bernard
- Mousis, Olivier
- Rème, Henri
- Rubin, Martin
- Sémon, Thierry
- Tzou, Chia-Yu
- Hunter Waite, James
- Wurz, Peter
- Venue
- Science Advances
- Published
- 2016-05-06
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e1600285-e1600285
- ISSN
- 2375-2548 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4928965
- OpenAlex
- W2395868755
- Cited by
- 587
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 20
- FWCI
- 29.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Science Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (ID0EXMBM7734)
- Bundesbehörden der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft (ID0EPRBM7735, Prodex)
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (ID0EJWBM7736, 50QP1302)
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (ID0EF3BM7737, 1496541)
- Belgian Science Policy Office (ID0EFCCM7738, PRODEX/ROSINA PEA 90020)
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ID0EKJCM7739, ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02)
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (ID0EZPCM7740, ID0ECXCM7741)
- european research council (ID0EL5CM7742, 267255)
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Israel (ID0EVCDM7743)
- Israel Space Agency (ID0ECIDM7744)
- NASA (ID0ENNDM7745, JPL-1266313, ID0ERUDM7746, NAS703001TONMO710889)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Keywords
- comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, cometary coma, glycine, amino acids, methylamine, ethylamine, phosphorus, prebiotic chemistry, origin of life, organic compounds, Stardust mission, comet Wild 2, ROSINA
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, Phosphorus, Mass Spectrometry, Meteoroids, Prebiotics
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