The Astrophysical Formation of Asymmetric Molecules and the Emergence of a Chiral Bias
Open accessAbstract
The biomolecular homochirality in living organisms has been investigated for decades, but its origin remains poorly understood. It has been shown that circular polarized light (CPL) and other energy sources are capable of inducing small enantiomeric excesses (ees) in some primary biomolecules, such as amino acids or sugars. Since the first findings of amino acids in carbonaceous meteorites, a scenario in which essential chiral biomolecules originate in space and are delivered by celestial bodies has arisen. Numerous studies have thus focused on their detection, identification, and enantiomeric excess calculations in extraterrestrial matrices. In this review we summarize the discoveries in amino acids, sugars, and organophosphorus compounds in meteorites, comets, and laboratory-simulated interstellar ices. Based on available analytical data, we also discuss their interactions with CPL in the ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) regions, their abiotic chiral or achiral synthesis, and their enantiomeric distribution. Without doubt, further laboratory investigations and upcoming space missions are required to shed more light on our potential extraterrestrial molecular origins.
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Glyceraldehyde, the first chiral product of the formose reaction, is also present in comets and in interstellar ices, opening the perspective of an external source of phospholipid precursors from Earth seeding.
“Further investigations showed that glyceraldehyde, the first chiral product of the 'formose' reaction (Benner et al., 2019) is also present in comets and in interstellar ices, opening the perspective of an external source of phospholipid precursors from Earth seeding.(Garcia et al., 2019; Kaiser et al., 2015)”
From The Origin and Early Evolution of Life: Homochirality Emergence in Prebiotic Environments (2023) · cites this paper as Garcia et al., 2019
Section 3.2 states that the only sugar detected in comets is glycolaldehyde, not glyceraldehyde. Section 3.1 does list glyceraldehyde as a product of the formose reaction, but Section 3.3 discusses sugars made in simulated interstellar ices rather than establishing glyceraldehyde’s presence in interstellar ices. The paper therefore contradicts the claimed cometary detection and does not establish the claimed external source of phospholipid precursors. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredInvestigations on sugars and sugar precursors in Murchison, Murray and other 14 meteorites showed complex racemic mixtures of sugars but not a ratio difference of stereoisomers.
“Investigations on the presence of sugars and sugars precursors in Murchison, Murray and other 14 meteorites showed the presence of complex racemic mixtures of sugars but not a ratio difference of stereoisomers.”
From The Origin and Early Evolution of Life: Homochirality Emergence in Prebiotic Environments (2023) · cites this paper as Garcia et al., 2019
Section 3.1 reports sugars in a set of 14 meteorite samples and sugar-related compounds in Murray and Murchison. But its account of chiral analyses contradicts the claim that there was no difference in stereoisomer ratios: some sugar derivatives were racemic, while others showed substantial d-enantiomer excesses. The section also says enantiomeric ratios of sugars in their original forms had not been reported. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe methods used for extraction and identification of sugars cannot exclude external contamination.
“However, the methods used for their extraction and identification cannot exclude in this case such external contamination advocate for AA extraction.(Garcia et al., 2019)”
From The Origin and Early Evolution of Life: Homochirality Emergence in Prebiotic Environments (2023) · cites this paper as Garcia et al., 2019
Chiral C3 sugar derivative glyceric acid was found as racemic mixtures, consistent with an abiotic origin.
“Chiral C3 sugar derivative, glyceric acid, was found as racemic mixtures, which is consistent with an abiotic origin. (Garcia et al., 2019; Meinert et al., 2014; Myrgorodska et al., 2015)”
From The Origin and Early Evolution of Life: Homochirality Emergence in Prebiotic Environments (2023) · cites this paper as Garcia et al., 2019
Exposure of circularly polarized light (CPL) in simulated interstellar media can induce a mirror symmetry breaking between the formation of L- or D-alanine, and the imbalance depended on the wavelength of the incident CPL and the sense of its rotation.
“Meierhenrich and co-workers, among others, showed that the exposure of circularly polarized light (CPL) in simulated interstellar media can induce a mirror symmetry breaking between the formation of L- or D- alanine. Besides, the imbalance depended on the wavelength of the incident CPL and the sense of its rotation.(Garcia et al., 2019; Meinert et al., 2014)”
From The Origin and Early Evolution of Life: Homochirality Emergence in Prebiotic Environments (2023) · cites this paper as Garcia et al., 2019
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2 of the 145 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
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Fayolle, D. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/6e174fe2z79a7z4a7fzae6cz837cb04a065b
Design of persistent chiral organic open-shell systems based on carbazole derivatives
Kasemthaveechok, S. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/32f21aaazd5b2z4c66za20czf0de8df5d628
Garcia, A. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/f35dbde3z870az408bzbfceze8864512901f
Self-citation
- Authors
- Garcia, A. D., Meinert, C., Sugahara, H., Jones, N. C., Hoffmann, S. V., & Meierhenrich, U. J.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Meierhenrich, Uwe J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Life
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-03-16
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29
- ISSN
- 2075-1729 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6463258
- OpenAlex
- W2921646214
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 0.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Life (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- H2020 European Research Council (804144)
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-15-IDEX-01, ANR-18-CE29-0004-01)
- Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (730872)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Keywords
- homochirality, enantiomeric excess, circularly polarized light, asymmetric molecules, meteorites, comets, interstellar ices, amino acids, sugar, organophosphorus compounds, origin of life
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