Origami by Frontal Photopolymerization
Open accessAbstract
Origami structures are of great interest in microelectronics, soft actuators, mechanical metamaterials, and biomedical devices. Current methods of fabricating origami structures still have several limitations, such as complex material systems or tedious processing steps. We present a simple approach for creating three-dimensional (3D) origami structures by the frontal photopolymerization method, which can be easily implemented by using a commercial projector. The concept of our method is based on the volume shrinkage during photopolymerization. By adding photoabsorbers into the polymer resin, an attenuated light field is created and leads to a nonuniform curing along the thickness direction. The layer directly exposed to light cures faster than the next layer; this nonuniform curing degree leads to nonuniform curing-induced volume shrinkage. This further introduces a nonuniform stress field, which drives the film to bend toward the newly formed side. The degree of bending can be controlled by adjusting the gray scale and the irradiation time, an easy approach for creating origami structures. The behavior is examined both experimentally and theoretically. Two methods are also proposed to create different types of 3D origami structures.
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Zhao et al. employed frontal polymerization, exploiting the change in intensity of photo-polymerization to create spatially-varying material parameters in single-material structures.
“The frontal polymerization process was employed by Zhao et al. [216,217], who exploited the change in the intensity of photo-polymerization to create spatially-varying material parameters in single-material structures.”
From Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview (2020) · cites this paper as [217]
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- Authors
- Zhao, Z., Wu, J., Mu, X., Chen, H., Qi, H. J., & Fang, D.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Beijing Institute of Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhao, Zeang
- Wu, Jiangtao
- Qi, H. Jerry
- Fang, Daining
- Venue
- Science Advances
- Published
- 2017-04-07
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e1602326-e1602326
- ISSN
- 2375-2548 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5409495
- OpenAlex
- W2608112407
- Cited by
- 256
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 21.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Science Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (ID0ER1AI16968, CMMI-1462894, CMMI-1462895, EFRI-1435452)
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research (ID0E6ABI16969, 15RT0885)
- Chinese Scholarship Council (ID0ENHBI16970, 201506010219)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Photopolymerization techniques and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Laser and Thermal Forming Techniques
- Keywords
- origami structures, volume shrinkage, photoabsorbers, bending, irradiation time, soft actuators, mechanical metamaterials
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