Mechanistic insight into female predominance in Alzheimer’s disease based on aberrant protein S-nitrosylation of C3
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Protein S-nitros(yl)ation (SNO) is a posttranslational modification involved in diverse processes in health and disease and can contribute to synaptic damage in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To identify SNO proteins in AD brains, we used triaryl phosphine ( SNO TRAP) combined with mass spectrometry (MS). We detected 1449 SNO proteins with 2809 SNO sites, representing a wide range of S-nitrosylated proteins in 40 postmortem AD and non-AD human brains from patients of both sexes. Integrative protein ranking revealed the top 10 increased SNO proteins, including complement component 3 (C3), p62 (SQSTM1), and phospholipase D3. Increased levels of S-nitrosylated C3 were present in female over male AD brains. Mechanistically, we show that formation of SNO-C3 is dependent on falling β-estradiol levels, leading to increased synaptic phagocytosis and thus synapse loss and consequent cognitive decline. Collectively, we demonstrate robust alterations in the S-nitrosoproteome that contribute to AD pathogenesis in a sex-dependent manner.
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Barber, A. J., del Genio, C. L., Swain, A. B., Pizzi, E. M., Watson, S. C., Tapiavala, V. N., Zanazzi, G. J., & Gaur, A. B. (2024) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-024-01492-x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The transcriptional and cellular landscape of cognitive resilience to Alzheimer’s disease
Khera, N., Raju, R. M., & Lipton, S. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2025.1665802 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Yang, H., Oh, C.-K., Amal, H., Wishnok, J. S., Lewis, S., Schahrer, E., Trudler, D., Nakamura, T., Tannenbaum, S. R., & Lipton, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine (CN)
- Scripps Research Institute (US)
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yang, Hongmei
- Oh, Chang-ki
- Tannenbaum, Steven R.
- Lipton, Stuart A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science Advances
- Published
- 2022-12-16
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 50
- Pages
- eade0764-eade0764
- ISSN
- 2375-2548 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9750152
- OpenAlex
- W4311441725
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 19 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 9.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Science Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Supernus Pharmaceuticals
- Adamas Pharmaceuticals
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (RF1AG057409, R01AG061845, R56AG065372, R01AG056259, R01AG078756, R35AG071734)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA048882, DP1DA041722)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R61NS122098, RF1NS123298)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, S-nitrosylation, sex differences, complement C3, beta-estradiol, synaptic loss, cognitive decline, p62, PLD3, post-translational modification
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Female, Humans, Male, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Proteins, Synapses
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