Cited by 1,750Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsMitochondrial Function and PathologyDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

Oxidative Stress, Synaptic Dysfunction, and Alzheimer’s Disease

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Tönnies, Eric, Trushina, Eugenia·2017·Journal of Alzheimer s Disease

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder without a cure. Most AD cases are sporadic where age represents the greatest risk factor. Lack of understanding of the disease mechanism hinders the development of efficacious therapeutic approaches. The loss of synapses in the affected brain regions correlates best with cognitive impairment in AD patients and has been considered as the early mechanism that precedes neuronal loss. Oxidative stress has been recognized as a contributing factor in aging and in the progression of multiple neurodegenerative diseases including AD. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with age- and disease-dependent loss of mitochondrial function, altered metal homeostasis, and reduced antioxidant defense directly affect synaptic activity and neurotransmission in neurons leading to cognitive dysfunction. In addition, molecular targets affected by ROS include nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, lipids, proteins, calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics and function, cellular architecture, receptor trafficking and endocytosis, and energy homeostasis. Abnormal cellular metabolism in turn could affect the production and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein, which independently could exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production, thereby contributing to a vicious cycle. While mounting evidence implicates ROS in the AD etiology, clinical trials with antioxidant therapies have not produced consistent results. In this review, we will discuss the role of oxidative stress in synaptic dysfunction in AD, innovative therapeutic strategies evolved based on a better understanding of the complexity of molecular mechanisms of AD, and the dual role ROS play in health and disease.

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Crossref · 10.3233/jad-161088

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  • Oxidative stress is a significant biomarker common to the pathophysiology of both AD and PD.

    “Oxidative stress is associated with a number of inflammatory and degenerative pathologies and is a significant biomarker common to the pathophysiology of both AD and PD. 55 , 58”

    From Therapeutic Properties and Pharmacological Activities of Asiaticoside and Madecassoside: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [58]

    In “The Role of Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease” (page not provided), the paper describes oxidative-stress markers in people with preclinical or early AD and links oxidative stress to AD mechanisms. It does not establish that oxidative stress is a significant biomarker common to both AD and PD; searches for Parkinson’s disease and shared biomarkers found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • There is a strong correlation between immune activation and oxidative damage in neurodegenerative disease.

    “since there is a strong correlation between immune activation and oxidative damage in neurodegenerative disease [42,43,44]”

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Authors
Tönnies, E., & Trushina, E.
Affiliations
Mayo Clinic (US)
Corresponding author
Trushina, Eugenia
Venue
Journal of Alzheimer s Disease
Published
2017-04-19
Volume
57
Issue
4
Pages
1105-1121
ISSN
  • 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
  • 1875-8908
OpenAlex
W2568450381
Cited by
1,750
References
237
Citations by year
2026: 135 · 2025: 220 · 2024: 259 · 2023: 258 · 2022: 253 · 2021: 246 · 2020: 193 · 2019: 101 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 30
FWCI
12.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute on Aging (RF1AG055549)
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES020715)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, oxidative stress
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Humans, Synapses, Oxidative Stress

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