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Macrophage Apoptosis by Anthrax Lethal Factor Through p38 MAP Kinase Inhibition
Abstract
The bacterium Bacillus anthracis causes the death of macrophages, which may allow it to avoid detection by the innate immune system. We found that B. anthracis lethal factor (LF) selectively induces apoptosis of activated macrophages by cleaving the amino-terminal extension of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinases (MKKs) that activate p38 MAPKs. Because macrophages that are deficient in transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) are also sensitive to activation-induced death and p38 is required for expression of certain NF-κB target genes, p38 is probably essential for synergistic induction of those NF-κB target genes that prevent apoptosis of activated macrophages. This dismantling of the p38 MAPK module represents a strategy used by B. anthracis to paralyze host innate immunity.
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Cites
SP600125, an anthrapyrazolone inhibitor of Jun N-terminal kinase
Bennett, B. L., Sasaki, D. T., Murray, B. W., O'Leary, E. C., Sakata, S. T., Xu, W., Leisten, J. C., Motiwala, A., Pierce, S., Satoh, Y., et al. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.251194298 · Cited by 2,558
A cytokine-responsive IκB kinase that activates the transcription factor NF-κB
DiDonato, J. A., Hayakawa, M., Rothwarf, D. M., Zandi, E., & Karin, M. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/41493 · Cited by 2,125
Self-citation
Cited by
IKKβ Links Inflammation and Tumorigenesis in a Mouse Model of Colitis-Associated Cancer
Greten, F. R., Eckmann, L., Greten, T. F., Park, J. M., Li, Z.-W., Egan, L. J., Kagnoff, M. F., & Karin, M. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.013 · Cited by 2,433
Self-citationMitogen-activated protein kinases in apoptosis regulation
Wada, T., & Penninger, J. M. (2004) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207556 · Cited by 1,432
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF HOST RESISTANCE: Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Immunity at Large
Beutler, B., Jiang, Z., Georgel, P., Crozat, K., Croker, B., Rutschmann, S., Du, X., & Hoebe, K. (2006) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090552 · Cited by 772
Chang, L., Kamata, H., Solinas, G., Luo, J.-L., Maeda, S., Venuprasad, K., Liu, Y.-C., & Karin, M. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.01.021 · Cited by 706
Self-citationMicroglia Induce Motor Neuron Death via the Classical NF-κB Pathway in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Frakes, A. E., Ferraiuolo, L., Haidet-Phillips, A. M., Schmelzer, L., Braun, L., Miranda, C. J., Ladner, K. J., Bevan, A. K., Foust, K. D., Godbout, J. P., et al. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.013 · Cited by 638
Metadata
- Authors
- Park, J. M., Greten, F. R., Li, Z.-W., & Karin, M.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2002-09-20
- Volume
- 297
- Issue
- 5589
- Pages
- 2048-2051
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2075964433
- Cited by
- 500
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 12.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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