Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 1,161

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Intracellular Bacterial Biofilm-Like Pods in Urinary Tract Infections

Anderson, Gregory G., Palermo, Joseph J., Schilling, Joel D., Roth, Robyn, Heuser, John, Hultgren, Scott J.·2003·Science

Abstract

Escherichia coli entry into the bladder is met with potent innate defenses, including neutrophil influx and epithelial exfoliation. Bacterial subversion of innate responses involves invasion into bladder superficial cells. We discovered that the intracellular bacteria matured into biofilms, creating pod-like bulges on the bladder surface. Pods contained bacteria encased in a polysaccharide-rich matrix surrounded by a protective shell of uroplakin. Within the biofilm, bacterial structures interacted extensively with the surrounding matrix, and biofilm associated factors had regional variation in expression. The discovery of intracellular biofilm-like pods explains how bladder infections can persist in the face of robust host defenses.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.1084550

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 1 references

Cited by

See all 1,161

Metadata

Authors
Anderson, G. G., Palermo, J. J., Schilling, J. D., Roth, R., Heuser, J., & Hultgren, S. J.
Venue
Science
Published
2003-07-04
Volume
301
Issue
5629
Pages
105-107
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W2124772160
Cited by
1,161
References
1
FWCI
12.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Intracellular Bacterial Biofilm-Like Pods in Urinary Tract Infections. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1084550
The paper
Anderson, G. G., Palermo, J. J., Schilling, J. D., Roth, R., Heuser, J., & Hultgren, S. J. (2003). Intracellular Bacterial Biofilm-Like Pods in Urinary Tract Infections. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1084550

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.