Southern Ocean Iron Enrichment Experiment: Carbon Cycling in High- and Low-Si Waters
Open accessAbstract
The availability of iron is known to exert a controlling influence on biological productivity in surface waters over large areas of the ocean and may have been an important factor in the variation of the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide over glacial cycles. The effect of iron in the Southern Ocean is particularly important because of its large area and abundant nitrate, yet iron-enhanced growth of phytoplankton may be differentially expressed between waters with high silicic acid in the south and low silicic acid in the north, where diatom growth may be limited by both silicic acid and iron. Two mesoscale experiments, designed to investigate the effects of iron enrichment in regions with high and low concentrations of silicic acid, were performed in the Southern Ocean. These experiments demonstrate iron's pivotal role in controlling carbon uptake and regulating atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
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In open oceans, iron is a major limiting nutrient for algal growth, as demonstrated by induction of algal blooms by addition of exogenous iron.
“In the open oceans, iron is a major limiting nutrient for algal growth, as demonstrated by the induction of algal blooms by the addition of exogenous iron to open oceans [47].”
From Biofuels from algae: Challenges and potential (2010) · cites this paper as [47]
Addition of iron to induce an algal bloom has been considered and tested as a strategy to sequester CO2.
“Interestingly, the addition of iron to induce an algal bloom has been considered and tested as a strategy to sequester CO2 [47–49].”
From Biofuels from algae: Challenges and potential (2010) · cites this paper as [47]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Coale, K. H., Johnson, K. S., Chavez, F. P., Buesseler, K. O., Barber, R. T., Brzezinski, M. A., Cochlan, W. P., Millero, F. J., Falkowski, P. G., Bauer, J. E., Wanninkhof, R. H., Kudela, R. M., Altabet, M. A., Hales, B. E., Takahashi, T., Landry, M. R., Bidigare, R. R., Wang, X., Chase, Z., Strutton, P. G., Friederich, G. E., Gorbunov, M. Y., Lance, V. P., Hilting, A. K., Hiscock, M. R., Demarest, M., Hiscock, W. T., Sullivan, K. F., Tanner, S. J., Gordon, R. M., Hunter, C. N., Elrod, V. A., Fitzwater, S. E., Jones, J. L., Tozzi, S., Koblizek, M., Roberts, A. E., Herndon, J., Brewster, J., Ladizinsky, N., Smith, G., Cooper, D., Timothy, D., Brown, S. L., Selph, K. E., Sheridan, C. C., Twining, B. S., & Johnson, Z. I.
- Affiliations
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (US)
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039â9647, USA.
- Corresponding author
- Coale, Kenneth H.
- ORCID
- Johnson, Kenneth S.
- Buesseler, Ken O.
- Brzezinski, Mark A.
- Cochlan, William P.
- Millero, Frank J.
- Falkowski, Paul G.
- Bauer, James E.
- Wanninkhof, Rik H.
- Kudela, Raphael M.
- Altabet, Mark A.
- Takahashi, Taro
- Landry, Michael R.
- Wang, Xiujun
- Chase, Zanna
- Gorbunov, Maxim Y.
- Jones, Janice L.
- Brewster, Jodi
- Selph, Karen E.
- Twining, Benjamin S.
- Johnson, Zackary I.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2004-04-16
- Volume
- 304
- Issue
- 5669
- Pages
- 408-414
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2148030853
- Cited by
- 602
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 47.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Keywords
- iron enrichment, Southern Ocean, carbon cycle, silicic acid, diatoms, phytoplankton growth, biological carbon pump, atmospheric CO2, iron limitation, glacial-interglacial cycles
- MeSH terms
- Chlorophyll A, Atmosphere, Carbon, Carbon Dioxide, Chlorophyll, Iron, Nitrates, Nitrogen, Oceans and Seas, Photosynthesis, Phytoplankton, Seawater, Silicic Acid, Diatoms, Ecosystem, Biomass
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