The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Origins of Bilateral Symmetry: Hox and Dpp Expression in a Sea Anemone
Abstract
Over 99% of modern animals are members of the evolutionary lineage Bilateria. The evolutionary success of Bilateria is credited partly to the origin of bilateral symmetry. Although animals of the phylum Cnidaria are not within the Bilateria, some representatives, such as the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, exhibit bilateral symmetry. We show that Nematostella uses homologous genes to achieve bilateral symmetry: Multiple Hox genes are expressed in a staggered fashion along its primary body axis, and the transforming growth factor-beta gene decapentaplegic (dpp) is expressed in an asymmetric fashion about its secondary body axis. These data suggest that bilateral symmetry arose before the evolutionary split of Cnidaria and Bilateria.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Cnidarians seem to possess almost the complete bilaterian regulatory gene tool kit, including anterior and posterior hox genes (Finnerty et al. 2004; Putnam et al. 2007) and generate many of the ectodermal, neuronal, endodermal, and mesodermal differentiated cell types also found in bilaterians.”
From An integrated view of precambrian eumetazoan evolution (2009) · cites this paper as Finnerty et al. 2004
In the citing paper
“in development of the most basal cnidarian clade, anthozoans, regulatory genes are expressed in bilateral axial patterns that indicate an underlying set of bilateral regulatory states.”
From An integrated view of precambrian eumetazoan evolution (2009) · cites this paper as Finnerty et al. 2004
In the citing paper
“Similarly, limited conservation of synteny is recognizable within insects (e.g., between flies and bees (50)).”
From Sea Anemone Genome Reveals Ancestral Eumetazoan Gene Repertoire and Genomic Organization (2007) · cites this paper as [50]
Citations
Cites
Animal evolution: interrelationships of the living phyla
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.50-1469 · Cited by 1,041
From DNA to diversity: molecular genetics and the evolution of animal design
Carroll, S., Grenier, J., & Weatherbee, S. D. (2002) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-5182 · Cited by 986
(1940) · Andalas University Repository (Andalas University) · Cited by 591
Holley, S. A., Jackson, P. D., Sasai, Y., Lu, B., Robertis, E. M. D., Hoffmann, F. M., & Ferguson, E. L. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/376249a0 · Cited by 435
Willmer, P. G. (1990) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511623547 · Cited by 322
Invertebrate relationships: patterns in animal evolution
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-0957 · Cited by 306
The Late Precambrian fossils from Ediacara, South Australia
Glaessner, M. F., & Wade, M. (1966) · Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.16238847 · Cited by 290
Principles of Comparative Anatomy of Invertebrates
Willey, R. B., Beklemischev, W. N., MacLennan, J. M., & Kabata, Z. (1971) · Transactions of the American Microscopical Society · doi:10.2307/3225209 · Cited by 274
Gauchat, D., Mazet, F., Berney, C., Schummer, M., Kreger, S., Pawlowski, J., & Galliot, B. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4493 · Cited by 190
Molecular evolution of the homeodomain family of transcription factors
Banerjee‐Basu, S. (2001) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/29.15.3258 · Cited by 186
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- M. F. Glaessner, M. Wade, Palaeontology9, 599 (1966).
- 10.1017/S000632310000548X · DOI · Paper page
- J. R. Finnerty, Am. Zool.41, 608 (2001).
- E. Haeckel, Q. J. Microsc. Sci.14, 142 (1874).
- R. Siewing, Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Oekol. Geogr. Tiere103, 439 (1980).
- L. v. Salvini-Plawen, Z. Zool. Syst. Evolutionsforsch.16, 40 (1978).
- G. Jägersten, Zool. Bidr. Uppsala30, 321 (1955).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 406
Li, J., Zhan, Z., Li, Y., Sun, Y., Zhou, T., & Xu, K. (2024) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.17504 · Cited by 6
The innate immunity in the cnidarian Hydra vulgaris
Altincicek, B. (2009) · Invertebrate survival journal · Cited by 4
Martindale, M. Q. (2022) · Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.02.002 · Cited by 4
Self-citationAnthropometric fluctuating asymmetries in living humans through the eyes of an anthropologist
Özener, B. (2022) · Emerging Topics in Life Sciences · doi:10.1042/etls20210276 · Cited by 4
Unravelling body plan and axial evolution in the Bilateria with molecular phylogenetic markers
Baguñà, J., Martı́nez, P., Paps, J., & Riutort, M. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511541582.017 · Cited by 4
Minsuk, S. B., Andrews, M. E., & Raff, R. A. (2005) · Development Genes and Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00427-005-0486-9 · Cited by 4
the riddle of nature and nurture – lateralization has an epigenetic trait
Manns, M. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x05360109 · Cited by 4
[Early history of the Metazoa--a palaeontologist's viewpoint].
Zhuravlev, A. Y. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 4
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0009 · Cited by 4
TGF-β signaling molecules in Hydra : role of BMP and BMP inhibitors during pattern formation
Krishnapati, L. S., & Ghaskadbi, S. (2024) · The International Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1387/ijdb.240009sg · Cited by 3
rethinking brain asymmetries in humans
Dräger, B., Breitenstein, C., & Knecht, S. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x05320103 · Cited by 3
Polymorphism in the symmetries of gastric pouch arrangements in the sea anemone D. lineata
Sarper, S. E., Hirai, T., Matsuyama, T., Kuratani, S., & Fujimoto, K. (2021) · Zoological Letters · doi:10.1186/s40851-021-00180-0 · Cited by 3
Shostak, S. (2015) · Cell & Developmental Biology · doi:10.4172/2168-9296.1000155 · Cited by 3
Evolution of the Hox Gene Cluster
Ferrier, D. E. K. (2012) · Encyclopedia of Life Sciences · doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0023989 · Cited by 3
Riebli, N., & Reichert, H. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118316757.ch6 · Cited by 3
Fernàndez‐Busquets, X. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0022875 · Cited by 2
Jenner, R. A. (2007) · Evolution of Nervous Systems · doi:10.1016/b0-12-370878-8/00106-3 · Cited by 2
Ramirez‐Santana, B. P., Ospina‐Garcés, S. M., Ramírez‐Pérez, J. S., & Avila‐Poveda, O. H. (2023) · Zoologischer Anzeiger · doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2023.06.008 · Cited by 2
Malakhov, V. V., & Ezhova, O. V. (2024) · Paleontological Journal · doi:10.1134/s0031030124601191 · Cited by 2
Lapraz, F., Duboc, V., & Lepage, T. (2007) · Signal Transduction · doi:10.1002/sita.200600125 · Cited by 2
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0007 · Cited by 2
Homeosis and Beyond. What Is the Function of the Hox Genes?
Deutsch, J. S. (2010) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6673-5_12 · Cited by 2
Rise of the Animal Kingdom and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Evolution
Cabej, N. R. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-401667-5.00005-5 · Cited by 3
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0014 · Cited by 2
Evolutionary Developmental Biology:HoxGene Evolution
Nolte, C., Ahn, Y., & Krumlauf, R. K. (2012) · Encyclopedia of Life Sciences · doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0001063.pub3 · Cited by 2
Characterization of the Wnt signalling system in the coral Acropora millepora
Ukolova, S. (2023) · ResearchOnline - JCU (James Cook University) · doi:10.25903/eyhz-7977 · Cited by 2
Origin of Bilaterian Hox Patterning System
Moreno, E., & Martı́nez, P. (2010) · Encyclopedia of Life Sciences · doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0022852 · Cited by 2
Evolution and diversification of the cnidarian venom system
Jouiaei, M. (2016) · The University of Queensland · doi:10.14264/uql.2016.910 · Cited by 2
A whole-body atlas of non-graded BMP signaling activity in a sea anemonePreprint
Knabl, P., Mörsdorf, D., & Genikhovich, G. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.07.24.604959 · Cited by 2
Early evolution of the LIM homeobox gene family
Srivastava, M., Larroux, C., Lu, D. R., Mohanty, K., Chapman, J., Degnan, B. M., & Rokhsar, D. S. (2010) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/1741-7007-8-4 · Cited by 1
Embryonic and planula development in the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana
Steinworth, B. M., & Martindale, M. Q. (2025) · EvoDevo · doi:10.1186/s13227-025-00250-w · Cited by 1
Self-citationMurguia, P. F., Hagauer, J., Haillot, E., Ikmi, A., Montenegro, J. D., Cole, A. G., & Technau, U. (2026) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.205340 · Cited by 1
Hartenstein, V., Sprecher, S., & Martinez, P. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27380-3.00043-9 · Cited by 1
Minelli, A. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511541582.016 · Cited by 1
Research on Concept System of Translation Symmetry in Mechanical Systems
Yong, Z. (2011) · Advanced materials research · doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.421.679 · Cited by 1
Multi-scale Modeling of Gene Regulation of Morphogenesis
Kaandorp, J. A., Botman, D., Tamulonis, C., & Dries, R. (2012) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-30870-3_36 · Cited by 1
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0011 · Cited by 1
Evolutionary and Ontogenetic Plasticity of Conserved Signaling Pathways in Animals’ Development
Kremnev, S. V. (2022) · Russian Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1134/s1062360422020114 · Cited by 1
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0006 · Cited by 1
Sequential formation of Drosophila circuit asymmetry via prolonged structural plasticity
Markovitsch, J., Mitić, D., Jiménez-García, A., Alsberga, Z., Kainz, S., Kaur, R., & Hummel, T. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aea6020 · Cited by 1
Evolution – genetische und zellbiologische Grundlagen
STORCH, V. N., Welsch, U., & Wink, M. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-32836-7_3 · Cited by 1
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0003 · Cited by 1
About the origin of the "Cambrian Explosion" phenomenon and on the origin of animal types
Gorodilov, Y. N. (2019) · Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS · doi:10.31610/trudyzin/2019.supl.7.5 · Cited by 1
Multiplicity of Time Scales in the Biological Evolution
Toxværd, S. (2022) · Mathematics online first collections · doi:10.1007/16618_2022_36 · Cited by 1
Tuning into the frequencies of life: a roar of static or a precise signal?
Morris, S. C. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511536557.013 · Cited by 1
14. Évolution et développement
Wolpert, L., Tickle, C. A., Arias, A. M., Lawrence, P. A., Lumsden, A., Robertson, E. J., & Smith, J. (2017) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.wolpe.2017.01.0623 · Cited by 1
Ball, E. E., de Jong, D., Schierwater, B., Shinzato, C., Hayward, D. C., & Miller, D. J. (2010) · Science Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1201/b10425-12 · Cited by 1
Ein vergleichender Rückblick: Gemeinsames, Trennendes, Aspekte der Evolution
Müller, W. A., & Hassel, M. (2003) · Springer-Lehrbuch · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-07055-0_7
Campbell, N. (2004) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg1414
Embodied modeling of the organization of the brain
Janssen, J., Goosen, A. E. A., Sprinkhuizen-Kuyper, I. G., & Haselager, P. (2007) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University)
Conservation of the retinal determination gene cascade in the jellyfish "Cladonema radiatum"
Graziussi, D. (2008) · edoc (University of Basel) · doi:10.5451/unibas-004670209
Regulation of Intraflagellar Transport in the sensory cilia of Caenorhabditis Elegans
Burghoorn, J. (2006) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam)
Entwicklung bedeutsamer Modellorganismen I: Wirbellose
Müller, W. A., & Hassel, M. (2012) · Springer-Lehrbuch · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28383-3_4
when dominance and sex are both right
Schirillo, J. A., & Fox, M. A. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x05450104
Harris, L. J., & Almerigi, J. B. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x05340106
Mark Q. Martindale: shedding new light on developmental diversity
Hejnol, A. (2011) · The International Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1387/ijdb.103151ah
Kosevich, I. A. (2014) · Paleontological Journal · doi:10.1134/s0031030114110069
The Lateralization Effect of Numerical Representation
王, 荣. (2012) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2012.23021
selection pressure on the decision-making process in conflict
Matsushima, T. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x05380101
Variability, Symmetry, and Dynamics in Human Rhythmic
Ankaralı, M. M. (2015)
Exceptionally Preserved Jellyfishes from the Middle
Cartwright, C., Halgedahl, S. L., Hendricks, J. R., Jarrard, R. D., Marques, A. C., Collins, A. G., & Bruce, S. (2007)
The Lateralization Effect of Numerical Representation
Wang, R.-Y., Jing, X., Wang, Y., Chang, Y., & Li, H. (2012)
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0002
Evolution of the Marine Animal Forest: EvoDevo of Corals, Sea Anemones, and Jellyfishes
Rangel‐Huerta, E., Ávila‐Soria, G., & Maldonado, E. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-17001-5_49-1
Molecular Insights into the Evolution of Novel Genes
Surm, J. M. (2019) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.129180
Hox, ANTP and homeobox gene evolution in metazoa : insights from Cnidaria
Kamm, K. (2007) · Institutional Repository of Leibniz Universität Hannover (Leibniz Universität Hannover) · doi:10.15488/6899
Raible, F., & Steinmetz, P. R. H. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-8639-6_5
Entwicklung bedeutsamer Modellorganismen I: Wirbellose
(2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-29472-4_3
Erofeeva, T. V., Grigorenko, A. P., Gusev, F. E., Kosevich, I. A., & Rogaev, E. I. (2022) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.31857/s0320972522020075
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0013
Erofeeva, T. V., Grigorenko, A. P., Gusev, F. E., Kosevich, I. A., & Rogaev, E. I. (2022) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297922030075
Early Stages of Animal Mesoderm Evolution
Ozernyuk, N. D., & Isaeva, V. V. (2022) · Russian Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1134/s1062360422020096
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0012
Evolution of the Marine Animal Forest: EvoDevo of Corals, Sea Anemones, and Jellyfishes
Rangel‐Huerta, E., Ávila‐Soria, G., & Maldonado, E. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21012-4_49
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0005
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0008
Schmidt‐Rhaesa, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.003.0010
Ein vergleichender Rückblick: Gemeinsames, Trennendes, Aspekte der Evolution
(2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-29472-4_7
Mechanismen und molekulare Ursachen der Evolution
(2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-68211-0_3
(2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012088563-3.50024-9
(2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.002.0006
(2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.002.0003
(2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198566687.002.0004
Francis, D. A., & Abrams, M. J. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-62723-1_7
An evolutionarily conserved Hox-Gbx segmentation code in the rice coral Montipora capitataPreprint
He, S., Rangel‐Huerta, E., Hill, E. M., Ellington, L. R., Chen, S., Robb, S. M. C., Majerová, E., Drury, C., & Gibson, M. C. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.09.29.615694
Kim, P. S., Song, Y., Kralik, J. D., & Jeong, J. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.10.03.616419
An evolutionarily conserved Hox-Gbx segmentation code in the rice coral Montipora capitataPreprint
He, S., Rangel‐Huerta, E., Hill, E. M., Ellington, L. R., Chen, S., Robb, S. M. C., Majerová, E., Drury, C., & Gibson, M. C. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.104085.1
An evolutionarily conserved Hox-Gbx segmentation code in the rice coral Montipora capitataPreprint
He, S., Rangel‐Huerta, E., Hill, E. M., Ellington, L. R., Chen, S., Robb, S. M. C., Majerová, E., Drury, C., & Gibson, M. C. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.104085
He, S., Rangel-Huerta, E., Hill, E., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.104085.1.sa2
Steinworth, B. M., & Martindale, M. Q. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5099941/v1
Self-citationProbabilistic Measure of Symmetry Stability
Bormashenko, E. Y. (2025) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym17101675
Patel, V., Dountcheva, V., & Rouhana, L. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.10.687709
Reflections on Model Species in Evolutionary Developmental Biology
Love, A. C., & Yoshida, Y. (2025) · Results and problems in cell differentiation · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-06766-1_1
Toward mechanisms underlying the developmental hourglass: evolvability and phylotypic conservation
Uchida, Y., & Irie, N. (2025) · Developmental Biology Advances · doi:10.1186/s13227-025-00255-5
Characterization of the Hox patterning genes in acoel flatworms
González, E. M. (2010) · Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)
Sarper, S. E., Hirai, T., Matsuyama, T., Kuratani, S., & Fujimoto, K. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16575501
Lapébie, P. (2010) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/29fb5e58z95e7z4353z8498zaa306e8a2449
Condamine, T. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/7bd509e2z4d99z495czafd0z1adf840e0228
HOX dose and the specification of flight appendages in insects
Paul, R. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/453128a1z2bcaz4271z9d8az0946b3d501b9
Metadata
- Authors
- Finnerty, J. R., Pang, K., Burton, P., Paulson, D., & Martindale, M. Q.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Corresponding author
- Finnerty, John R.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2004-05-28
- Volume
- 304
- Issue
- 5675
- Pages
- 1335-1337
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2030545022
- Cited by
- 407
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 16.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Planarian Biology and Electrostimulation
- Keywords
- bilateral symmetry, Nematostella vectensis, sea anemone, Hox genes, decapentaplegic, DPP, TGF-beta, body axis patterning, Cnidaria, homologous genes
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Endoderm, Genes, Genes, Homeobox, Larva, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Sea Anemones, In Situ Hybridization, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Body Patterning, Gene Duplication, Gene Expression Profiling
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
