The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Emerging Vectors in the Culex pipiens Complex
Abstract
In the Old World, some mosquitoes in the Culex pipiens complex are excellent enzootic vectors of West Nile virus, circulating the virus among birds, whereas others bite mainly humans and other mammals. Here we show that, in northern Europe, such forms differing in behavior and physiology have unique microsatellite fingerprints with no evidence of gene flow between them, as would be expected from distinct species. In the United States, however, hybrids between these forms are ubiquitous. Such hybrids between human-biters and bird-biters may be the bridge vectors contributing to the unprecedented severity and range of the West Nile virus epidemic in North America.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Vector competence of North American mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for West Nile virus
Turell, M. J., O’Guinn, M. L., Dohm, D. J., & Jones, J. W. (2001) · Journal of Medical Entomology · doi:10.1603/0022-2585-38.2.130 · Cited by 633
West Nile Virus Infection in Birds and Mosquitoes, New York State, 2000
Bernard, K. A., Maffei, J. G., Jones, S. A., Kauffman, E. B., Ebel, G. D., Dupuis, A. P., Ngo, K. A., Nicholas, D. C., Young, D. M., Shi, P.-Y., et al. (2001) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0704.017415 · Cited by 172
Cited by
Lag times and exotic species: The ecology and management of biological invasions in slow-motion1
Crooks, J. A. (2005) · Écoscience · doi:10.2980/i1195-6860-12-3-316.1 · Cited by 758
Farajollahi, A., Fonseca, D. M., Kramer, L. D., & Marm Kilpatrick, A. (2011) · Infection, Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.08.013 · Cited by 659
Self-citationWest Nile Virus Epidemics in North America Are Driven by Shifts in Mosquito Feeding Behavior
Kilpatrick, A. M., Kramer, L. D., Jones, M. J., Marra, P. P., & Daszak, P. (2006) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040082 · Cited by 608
Why sampling scheme matters: the effect of sampling scheme on landscape genetic results
Schwartz, M. K., & McKelvey, K. S. (2009) · Conservation Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10592-008-9622-1 · Cited by 429
Host selection by Culex pipiens mosquitoes and West Nile virus amplification
Hamer, G. L., Kitron, U. D., Goldberg, T. L., Brawn, J. D., Loss, S. R., Ruiz, M. O., Hayes, D. B., & Walker, E. D. (2009) · The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2009.80.268 · Cited by 392
Metadata
- Authors
- Fonseca, D. M., Keyghobadi, N., Malcolm, C. A., Mehmet, C., Schaffner, F., Mogi, M., Fleischer, R. C., & Wilkerson, R. C.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2004-03-05
- Volume
- 303
- Issue
- 5663
- Pages
- 1535-1538
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1968266351
- Cited by
- 490
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 25.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Emerging Vectors in the Culex pipiens Complex. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1094247
- The paper
- Fonseca, D. M., Keyghobadi, N., Malcolm, C. A., Mehmet, C., Schaffner, F., Mogi, M., Fleischer, R. C., & Wilkerson, R. C. (2004). Emerging Vectors in the Culex pipiens Complex. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1094247
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.