Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 1,900

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Freezing as a Path to Build Complex Composites

Open access
Deville, Sylvain, Saiz, Eduardo, Nalla, Ravi K., Tomsia, Antoni P.·2006·Science

Abstract

Materials that are strong, ultralightweight, and tough are in demand for a range of applications, requiring architectures and components carefully designed from the micrometer down to the nanometer scale. Nacre, a structure found in many molluscan shells, and bone are frequently used as examples for how nature achieves this through hybrid organic-inorganic composites. Unfortunately, it has proven extremely difficult to transcribe nacre-like clever designs into synthetic materials, partly because their intricate structures need to be replicated at several length scales. We demonstrate how the physics of ice formation can be used to develop sophisticated porous and layered-hybrid materials, including artificial bone, ceramic-metal composites, and porous scaffolds for osseous tissue regeneration with strengths up to four times higher than those of materials currently used for implantation.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.1120937

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 1 references

Research works printed but not linked: 29

  1. 10.1126/science.1116994 · DOI · Paper page
  2. 10.1038/nmat1339 · DOI · Paper page
  3. 10.1038/40010 · doi:10.1038/40010
  4. 10.1038/21607 · DOI · Paper page
  5. 10.1038/nmat906 · DOI · Paper page
  6. 10.1038/28354 · DOI · Paper page
  7. 10.1126/science.286.5442.1097 · doi:10.1126/science.286.5442.1097
  8. 10.1021/jp9632448 · doi:10.1021/jp9632448
  9. 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00860.x · DOI · Paper page
  10. 10.1006/cryo.1994.1059 · DOI
  11. J. O. M. Karlsson, Science296, 655 (2002).
  12. 10.1021/cg0100383 · DOI
  13. 10.1098/rspb.1988.0056 · DOI · Paper page
  14. 10.1126/science.1112255 · DOI · Paper page
  15. 10.1557/JMR.2001.0340 · DOI · Paper page
  16. 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00215-1 · DOI · Paper page
  17. 10.1016/S1359-6454(00)00231-7 · DOI
  18. 10.1126/science.1067404 · DOI · Paper page
  19. 10.1002/jbm.a.10582 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Y. H. An, in Mechanical Testing of Bone and the Bone-Implant Interface (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2000), pp. 41–63.
  21. 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.10.066 · DOI · Paper page
  22. 10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00101-1 · DOI · Paper page
  23. 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb02814.x · doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb02814.x
  24. A. Bignon thesis National Institute of Applied Science Lyon France (2002).
  25. 10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00171-6 · DOI · Paper page
  26. 10.1016/S0142-9612(98)00118-5 · DOI
  27. 10.1016/S0272-8842(96)00009-0 · DOI · Paper page
  28. 10.1016/S0272-8842(99)00003-6 · doi:10.1016/s0272-8842(99)00003-6
  29. 10.1023/B:JMSM.0000032823.66093.aa · DOI

Cited by

See all 1,900

Metadata

Authors
Deville, S., Saiz, E., Nalla, R. K., & Tomsia, A. P.
Venue
Science
Published
2006-01-27
Volume
311
Issue
5760
Pages
515-518
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W2034325001
Cited by
1,900
References
1
FWCI
28.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Freezing as a Path to Build Complex Composites. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1120937
The paper
Deville, S., Saiz, E., Nalla, R. K., & Tomsia, A. P. (2006). Freezing as a Path to Build Complex Composites. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1120937

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.