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A common genetic variant is associated with adult and childhood obesity.
Abstract
Obesity is a heritable trait and a risk factor for many common diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. We used a dense whole-genome scan of DNA samples from the Framingham Heart Study participants to identify a common genetic variant near the INSIG2 gene associated with obesity. We have replicated the finding in four separate samples composed of individuals of Western European ancestry, African Americans, and children. The obesity-predisposing genotype is present in 10% of individuals. Our study suggests that common genetic polymorphisms are important determinants of obesity.
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“To limit the conundrum of multiple testing, we used a more stringent criteria for SNP selection in the second sample[39]. Subjects were genotyped solely for the three SNPs found to be significant in both the SVO and Dictator in the first sample (rs2268490, rs237887 and rs1042778).”
From The oxytocin receptor (OXTR) contributes to prosocial fund allocations in the dictator game and the social value orientations task (2009) · cites this paper as [39]
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“Such a genome-wide approach proved fruitful in the context of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with SNPs where even the first generation of GWAS identified susceptible variants for common diseases.(20-23) When using blood as biomaterial for a MWAS, the DNA is typically extracted directly from fresh or frozen who…”
BackgroundFrom DNA to RNA to disease and back: The 'central dogma' of regulatory disease variation
Stranger, B. E., & Dermitzakis, E. T. (2006) · Human Genomics · doi:10.1186/1479-7364-2-6-383 · Cited by 27
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“While a portion of the relationship between parent and child weight is likely genetic [49], a portion can also be attributed to shared environment and shared behaviors [50,51].”
BackgroundChildhood maltreatment and high dietary fat intake behaviors in adulthood: A birth cohort study
Abajobir, A. A., Kisely, S. R., Williams, G. M., Strathearn, L., & Najman, J. M. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.08.002 · Cited by 27
“Common modifiable risk factors are associated with an “obesogenic” environment (Hebebrand &Hinney, 2009; Herbert et al., 2006).”
BackgroundEvolution, developmental plasticity, and metabolic disease
Kuzawa, C. W., Gluckman, P. D., Hanson, M. A., & Beedle, A. S. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207466.003.0019 · Cited by 27
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Combinatorial Search Methods for Multi-SNP Disease Association
Brinza, D., He, J., & Zelikovsky, A. (2006) · Conference proceedings · doi:10.1109/iembs.2006.260510 · Cited by 27
“In the reduced set of SNPs, we then propose to apply a novel combinatorial method for finding disease-associated multi-SNP combinations (MSCs).”
MethodINSIG2 variants, dietary patterns and metabolic risk in Samoa
Baylin, A., Deka, R., Tuitele, J., Viali, S., Weeks, D. E., & McGarvey, S. T. (2012) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2012.124 · Cited by 26
FASTCHI: AN EFFICIENT ALGORITHM FOR ANALYZING GENE-GENE INTERACTIONS
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Lifestyle, diet, and disease: comparative perspectives on the determinants of chronic health risks
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Dahlman, I. A., Dicker, A., Jiao, H., Kere, J., Blomqvist, L., van Harmelen, V., Hoffstedt, J., Borch‐Johnsen, K., Jørgensen, T., Hansen, T. F., et al. (2007) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/518445 · Cited by 26
“We included both men and women in our analysis because genetic analyses of obesity indicate that the majority of susceptibility alleles are common in both sexes.(16,17) Our recruitment strategy for samples 1 and 2 resulted in a higher proportion of women than men in the study.”
BackgroundEpistemological issues in omics and high-dimensional biology: give the people what they want
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“For example, an exciting paper on obesity was published recently (30).”
Genetics of Adipose Tissue Biology
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Obesity Genes and Gene–Environment–Behavior Interactions: Recommendations for a Way Forward
Shuldiner, A. R. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.523 · Cited by 25
“To date, two genes that influence body mass, insulin induced gene 2 (INSIG2) and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) genes, have been identified by this approach (12,13).”
BackgroundGordon‐Larsen, P., Adair, L. S., & Suchindran, C. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.331 · Cited by 25
Genetic Susceptibility, HIV Infection, and the Kidney
Kiryluk, K., Martino, J., & Gharavi, A. G. (2007) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.00320107 · Cited by 25
Appetite and Body Weight Regulation
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Gene polymorphisms and increased DNA damage in morbidly obese women
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“Later, GWAS identified many risk loci associated with diseases and traits, including coronary heart disease [6], obesity [7,8], type 2 diabetes [9], schizophrenia [10], and so forth.”
BackgroundVogel, C. I. G., Greene, B., Scherag, A., Müller, T. D., Friedel, S., Grallert, H., Heid, I. M., Illig, T., Wichmann, H. ‐., Schäfer, H., et al. (2009) · BMC Medical Genetics · doi:10.1186/1471-2350-10-14 · Cited by 25
“Interestingly, however, the study did find some evidence for an association of variants in INSIG2 with obesity [5,16-19].”
BackgroundAn Integrative Review of Obesity Prevention in African American Children
Hudson, C. E. (2008) · Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1080/01460860802475168 · Cited by 24
“Though metabolic and genetic factors impact obesity in all ethnic/racial groups, they are not thought to be a major factor in the current obesity epidemic (Herbert et al., 2006; Ogden et al., 2007).”
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Stovitz, S. D., Schwimmer, J. B., Martínez, H., & Story, M. T. (2008) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.034 · Cited by 25
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Application of DNA Microarrays in the Study of Human Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Sun, G. (2007) · OMICS A Journal of Integrative Biology · doi:10.1089/omi.2006.0003 · Cited by 25
“Another study by Herbert et al. (2006) used DNA microarrays to genotype hundreds of thousands of SNPs, identifying a common genetic variant near the INSIG2 gene that was associated with obesity.”
Durand, E., Lecœur, C., Delplanque, J., Benzinou, M., Degraeve, F., Boutin, P., Marre, M., Balkau, B., Charpentier, G., Froguel, P., et al. (2008) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000178157 · Cited by 24
Genome-Wide Association Studies of Cancer
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“Future perspective Genome-wide association studies have already successfully identified genetic variants underlying myocardial infarction [41–43], age-related macular degeneration [44,45], Type 1 diabetes [46], Type 2 diabetes [28–30,46,47], Crohn’s disease [48–50] and obesity [51,52], prostate cancer [21–23] and brea…”
BackgroundCummings, N., Shields, K., Curran, J. E., Bozaoglu, K., Trevaskis, J. L., Gluschenko, K., Cai, G., Comuzzie, A. G., Dyer, T. D., Walder, K. R., et al. (2011) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.67 · Cited by 26
“Genome-wide scans for obesity phenotypes have led to the identification of several chromosome regions that are likely to harbor obesity-susceptibility genes”
BackgroundTabara, Y., Kawamoto, R., Osawa, H., Nakura, J., Makino, H., Miki, T., & Kohara, K. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.25 · Cited by 24
“079) described in a previous report (2).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialStunff, C. L., Dechartres, A., Mariot, V., Lotton, C., Trainor, C. D., del Giudice, E. M., Meyre, D., Bièche, I., Laurendeau, I., Froguel, P., et al. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-1273 · Cited by 25
Interspecies genetics of eating disorder traits
Kas, M. J., Kaye, W. H., Mathes, W. F., & Bulik, C. M. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30832 · Cited by 23
“For example, recent studies of memory function [Papassotiropoulos, 2006] and obesity [Herbert, 2006] each identified a single significantly associated SNP but with relatively small effect.”
ResultCharacterization of the Human Insulin-induced Gene 2 (INSIG2) Promoter
Fernández-Álvarez, A. J., Álvarez, M. S., Cucarella, C., & Casado, M. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109.067447 · Cited by 23
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Candidate genes and growth curves for adiposity in African- and European-American youth
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Empirical null and false discovery rate inference for exponential families
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Association of INSIG2 Polymorphism with Overweight and LDL in Children
Kaulfers, A.-M. D., Deka, R., Dolan, L. M., & Martin, L. J. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116340 · Cited by 22
“Herbert et al[4] published the first Table 2.”
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“Characteristics of whole genome studies of obesity or BMI-defined obesity [76–111].”
BackgroundEffect of an Estrogen Receptor-α Intron 4 Polymorphism on Fat Mass in 11-Year-Old Children
Tobias, J. H., Steer, C. D., Vilariño‐Güell, C., & Brown, M. A. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2447 · Cited by 22
Ciullo, M., Nutile, T., Dalmasso, C., Sorice, R., Bellenguez, C., Colonna, V., Persico, M. G., & Bourgain, C. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-0970 · Cited by 22
“that two of them have already been linked or associated with obesity or BMI in previous studies (9,30,40).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialGenome-wide selection of tag SNPs using multiple-marker correlation
Hao, K. (2007) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btm496 · Cited by 22
“(Bender and Lange, 2001; Chen et al., 2006; Hao et al., 2004; Herbert et al., 2006; Pe’er et al., 2006; Rosenberg et al., 2006; Wen et al., 2006) There are two strategies in dealing with multiple testing.”
BackgroundEmpirical Null and False Discovery Rate Inference for Exponential FamiliesPreprint
Schwartzman, A. (2008) · Cited by 22
Combined linkage and association analyses identify a novel locus for obesity near PROX1 in Asians
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“Many studies tried to validate this finding, but it has shown inconsistent replication results (16-18).”
BackgroundResultKnüppel, S., Rohde, K., Meidtner, K., Drogan, D., Holzhütter, H., Boeing, H., & Fisher, E. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068941 · Cited by 22
From fused toes in mice to human obesity
Groop, L. (2007) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0607-706 · Cited by 21
Genomics and genome-wide association studies: An integrative approach to expression QTL mapping
Degnan, J. H., Lasky-Su, J. A., Raby, B. A., Xu, M., Molony, C. M., Schadt, E. E., & Lange, C. (2008) · Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2008.05.012 · Cited by 21
Interpreting Results of Large-Scale Genetic Association Studies
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The Gene-Gene Interaction of INSIG-SCAP-SREBP Pathway on the Risk of Obesity in Chinese Children
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BackgroundLack of association between rs7566605 and obesity in a Chinese population
Feng, Y., Dong, H., Xiang, Q., Hong, X., Wilker, E. H., Zhang, Y., Xu, X., & Xu, X. P. (2006) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-006-0258-2 · Cited by 20
“Herbert et al. (2006) recently reported a whole-genome association study on obesity using 100 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips, and identiWed a common SNP (rs7566605) 10 kb upstream of the transcription start site of the insulin induced gene 2 (INSIG2) associated with obesity in…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPower of selective genotyping in genome-wide association studies of quantitative traits
Xing, C., & Xing, G. (2009) · BMC Proceedings · doi:10.1186/1753-6561-3-s7-s23 · Cited by 20
“For example, it was applied in studying genetic association of intelligence scores [8], attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [9], and body mass index [10].”
Reactivation of adiponectin expression in obese patients after bariatric surgery
Hindle, A. K., Edwards, C., McCaffrey, T., Fu, S. W., & Brody, F. J. (2009) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-009-0780-0 · Cited by 20
“Recent data show a clear association between SNPs and morbidly obese diabetic subjects [19].”
BackgroundJiao, H., Kaaman, M., Dungner, E., Kere, J., Arner, P., & Dahlman, I. A. (2008) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803789 · Cited by 22
No Association between rs7566605 Variant and Being Overweight in Japanese
Kuzuya, M., Ando, F., Iguchi, A., & Shimokata, H. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.301 · Cited by 20
“(1) demonstrated that a common genetic single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs7566605) upstream of the transcription start site for insulin-induced gene 2 was associated with obesity in 694 individuals of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-Framingham Heart Study.”
BackgroundMC4R Variant Is Associated With BMI but Not Response to Resistance Training in Young Females
Suer, F. E., Harmon, B. T., Gordish‐Dressman, H., Clarkson, P. M., Thompson, P. D., Angelopoulos, T. J., Gordon, P. M., Hubal, M. J., Moyna, N. M., Pescatello, L. S., et al. (2010) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2010.180 · Cited by 19
MetaGen: reference-free learning with multiple metagenomic samples
Xing, X., Liu, J. S., & Zhong, W. (2017) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1323-y · Cited by 19
“Recent studies have found that some bacteria in the human gut can disrupt the metabolic/energy homeostasis [2, 45], and the bacteria’s interactions with the host’s genes [46] are closely associated with the host’s obesity level.”
BackgroundBressler, J., Fornage, M., Hanis, C. L., Kao, W. H. L., Lewis, C. E., McPherson, R., Dent, R., Mosley, T. H., Pennacchio, L. A., & Boerwinkle, E. (2009) · BMC Medical Genetics · doi:10.1186/1471-2350-10-56 · Cited by 20
“Herbert et al. identified a genetic variant (rs7566605) 10 kb upstream of INSIG2 that was associated with obesity as assessed by a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 in participants in the Framingham Heart Study.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialPossible role for ENPP1 polymorphism in obesity but not for INSIG2 and PLIN variants
Peeters, A. V., Beckers, S., Verrijken, A., Mertens, I. L., Gaal, L. V., & Hul, W. V. (2009) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-009-9194-y · Cited by 19
Emergence of new infectious diseases
Woolhouse, M. E. J., & Antia, R. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207466.003.0016 · Cited by 19
P2BAT: a massive parallel implementation of PBAT for genome-wide association studies in R
Hoffmann, T. J., & Lange, C. (2006) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btl507 · Cited by 19
A tagging SNP in INSIG2 is associated with obesity-related phenotypes among Samoans
Deka, R., Xu, L., Pal, P., Toelupe, P. T., Laumoli, T. S., Xi, H., Zhang, G., Weeks, D. E., & McGarvey, S. T. (2009) · BMC Medical Genetics · doi:10.1186/1471-2350-10-143 · Cited by 18
“Note that the initial study used the recessive model to fit the association signal [1].”
ResultInfluentialLearning Predictive Interactions Using Information Gain and Bayesian Network Scoring
Jiang, X., Jao, J., & Neapolitan, R. E. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143247 · Cited by 19
Primary Prevention of Childhood Obesity: An Interdisciplinary Analysis
Hilbert, A., Ried, J., Schneider, D., Juttner, C., Sosna, M., Dabrock, P., Lingenfelder, M., Voit, W., Rief, W., & Hebebrand, J. (2008) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000113598 · Cited by 18
Andreasen, C. H., Mogensen, M. S., Borch‐Johnsen, K., Sandbæk, A., Lauritzen, T., Almind, K., Hansen, L., Jørgensen, T., Pedersen, O. B., & Hansen, T. F. (2009) · BMC Medical Genetics · doi:10.1186/1471-2350-10-17 · Cited by 19
“Other GWA studies have reported variants in the proximity of INSIG2 [15,16] and within PFKP [2,16] as novel obesity gene loci, however, attempts to replicate the association for the INSIG2 variant have been inconsistent [17-24], which also appears true for variation in PFKP [17].”
BackgroundInfluentialGene by Sex Interaction for Measures of Obesity in the Framingham Heart Study
Benjamin, A. M., Suchindran, S., Pearce, K., Rowell, J. V., Lien, L. F., Guyton, J. R., & McCarthy, J. J. (2010) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2011/329038 · Cited by 19
“No SNPs from prior genome-wide association studies of BMI showed up among our top 1000 consensus, including SNPs in the genes INSIG2 , FTO [13, 25], and MC4R [26] (Figure 4).”
Horn, T., Kremer, M., Dechow, T. N., Pfeifer, W. M., Geist, B., Perker, M., & Duyster, J. (2007) · Cited by 18
Childhood obesity: causes, consequences, and prevention
Ali, A. T., Al-Ani, F., & Al-ani, O. (2023) · Česká a slovenská farmacie · doi:10.5817/csf2023-1-21 · Cited by 20
Yang, J., Liu, J., Liu, J., Li, W., Li, X., He, Y., & Ye, L. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100548 · Cited by 17
Variation in the MC4R Gene Is Associated with Bone Phenotypes in Elderly Swedish Women
Garg, G., Kumar, J., McGuigan, F. E., Ridderstråle, M., Gerdhem, P., Luthman, H., & Åkesson, K. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088565 · Cited by 17
“Genotyping and Statistical Analysis Five obesity associated SNPs from three genes were genotyped in both cohorts (Table S1) [33,42].”
BackgroundDoes child–parent resemblance in body weight status vary by sociodemographic factors in the USA?
Zhang, Q., Lamichhane, R., Chen, H., Xue, H., & Wang, Y. (2014) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2013-203476 · Cited by 17
Global spatial patterns of infectious diseases and human evolution
Guégan, J., Prugnolle, F., & Frédéric Thomas, A. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207466.003.0002 · Cited by 16
Review: Genetics of the cardiometabolic syndrome: new insights and therapeutic implications
Sookoian, S. C., & Pirola, C. J. (2007) · Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease · doi:10.1177/1753944707082702 · Cited by 16
Koella, J. C., & Turner, P. E. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207466.003.0017 · Cited by 17
The genetics of cardiovascular disease
Delles, C., McBride, M., Padmanabhan, S., & Dominiczak, A. F. (2008) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2008.07.010 · Cited by 16
Resources for Genetic Variation Studies
Serre, D., & Hudson, T. J. (2006) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.7.080505.115806 · Cited by 17
A common polymorphism is associated with body mass index in Uyghur population
Zhang, J., Lin, R., Wang, F., Lü, M., Lin, R., Wang, S., Wen, H., Li, J., & Wang, X. (2008) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2008.03.022 · Cited by 17
Intimate relations: Evolutionary conflicts of pregnancy and childhood
Haig, D. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199207466.003.0006 · Cited by 17
Vimaleswaran, K. S., Franks, P. W., Brage, S., Sardinha, L. B., Andersen, L. B., Wareham, N. J., Ekelund, U., & Loos, R. J. F. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.650 · Cited by 17
“(1) reported a difference of 1 BMI unit for the genotypes of the SNP rs7566605 in children under a recessive model and this difference tracked throughout life (11–60 years of age), suggesting that the SNP had an early onset effect on BMI.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHinney, A., & Hebebrand, J. (2009) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000200020 · Cited by 17
Uncloaking the Genetic Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome
Lahiry, P., Pollex, R. L., & Hegele, R. A. (2008) · Lifestyle Genomics · doi:10.1159/000112459 · Cited by 16
“These conclusions also suggest that replication is essential to increase confidence in the findings. Genome-Wide Association Studies Genome-wide association studies are the second approach used to uncover the genetic basis of a complex disease or trait. This analysis is performed without prior assumptions regarding th…”
BackgroundLiu, Y., Liu, X., He, H., & Gu, Y. L. (2012) · Genetics and Molecular Research · doi:10.4238/2012.may.8.3 · Cited by 16
Skelly, T. J., Pinheiro, A. P., Lange, L. A., & Sullivan, P. F. (2007) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001956 · Cited by 16
Genetic modifiers of obesity and bariatric surgery outcomes
Sevilla, S., & Hubal, M. J. (2013) · Seminars in Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2013.10.017 · Cited by 15
Jiang, X., & Neapolitan, R. E. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046771 · Cited by 15
“By looking at single-locus associations, researchers have identified over 150 risk loci associated with 60 common diseases and traits [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13].”
BackgroundSrivastava, A. N., Mittal, B., Prakash, J., Srivastava, P., Srivastava, N., & Srivastava, N. (2016) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.22923 · Cited by 15
“Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a number of obesity associated loci (Herbert et al., 2006; Lindgren et al., 2009; Loos et al., 2008; Maes et al., 1997; Meyre et al., 2009; Rankinen et al., 2006; Thorleifsson et al., 2009; Willer et al., 2009).”
BackgroundPathophysiology and genetics of obesity.
Srivastava, N., Lakhan, R., & Mittal, B. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 15
Parikh, M., Hetherington, J. A., Sheth, S., Seiler, J. L., D, H. O. M., Gerhard, G. S., Wood, C., & Still, C. D. (2012) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2012.04.004 · Cited by 15
Role of In Silico Tools in Gene Discovery
Yu, B. (2008) · Molecular Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s12033-008-9134-8 · Cited by 17
“It is common to have repeated measurements in complex traits, such as body mass index in obesity [ 4 ].”
BackgroundFornage, M., Papanicolaou, G., Lewis, C. E., Boerwinkle, E., & Siscovick, D. S. (2010) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.11.005 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Herbert, A., Gerry, N. P., McQueen, M. B., Heid, I. M., Pfeufer, A., Illig, T., Wichmann, H.-E., Meitinger, T., Hunter, D., Hu, F. B., Colditz, G., Hinney, A., Hebebrand, J., Koberwitz, K., Zhu, X., Cooper, R., Ardlie, K., Lyon, H., Hirschhorn, J. N., Laird, N. M., Lenburg, M. E., Lange, C., & Christman, M. F.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Herbert, Alan
- Christman, Michael F.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2006-04-14
- Volume
- 312
- Issue
- 5771
- Pages
- 279-283
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2149512324
- Cited by
- 732
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 75.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Site cant be reached (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL54485, U01HL065899, R01HL066289, R01HL66289, R01HL074166, U01 HL65899)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH59532, R01MH059532)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-87969, P01CA087969)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM046877)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK046200, K23DK067288, P30 DK-46200)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD060726)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Physical Performance
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Keywords
- obesity, genetic association, INSIG2, childhood obesity, adult obesity, type 2 diabetes risk, whole genome scan, Framingham Heart Study, African Americans
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alleles, Black or African American, Child, Europe, Female, Gene Frequency, Genes, Recessive, Genotype, Haplotypes, Humans, Male, Membrane Proteins, Models, Genetic, Obesity, Genetic Variation, Cohort Studies, Linkage Disequilibrium, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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