Rapid 20th-century increase in coastal upwelling off northwest Africa
Abstract
Near-shore waters along the northwest African margin are characterized by coastal upwelling and represent one of the world's major upwelling regions. Sea surface temperature (SST) records from Moroccan sediment cores, extending back 2500 years, reveal anomalous and unprecedented cooling during the 20th century, which is consistent with increased upwelling. Upwelling-driven SSTs also vary out of phase with millennial-scale changes in Northern Hemisphere temperature anomalies (NHTAs) and show relatively warm conditions during the Little Ice Age and relatively cool conditions during the Medieval Warm Period. Together, these results suggest that coastal upwelling varies with NHTAs and that upwelling off northwest Africa may continue to intensify as global warming and atmospheric CO2 levels increase.
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McGregor et al. (2007) found strong support for the hypothesis through evidence of a dramatic lowering of inferred SSTs in the northwest African upwelling region over the last century.
“More recently, McGregor et al. (2007) found strong support for the hypothesis through evidence of a dramatic lowering of inferred SSTs in the northwest African upwelling region over the last century.”
From Canary current upwelling: More or less? (2013) · cites this paper as McGregor et al., 2007
McGregor et al.'s alkenone unsaturation index indicates a reduction of sea surface temperature in the Cape Ghir upwelling of 1.2°C over the last century, coincident with the observed increase in atmospheric CO2 levels.
“Their alkenone unsaturation index indicates a reduction of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Cape Ghir upwelling of 1.2oC over the last century, coincident with the observed increase in atmospheric CO2 levels.”
From Canary current upwelling: More or less? (2013) · cites this paper as McGregor et al., 2007
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Gutiérrez, D., Bouloubassi, I., Sifeddine, A., Purca, S., Goubanova, K., Graco, M., Field, D., Méjanelle, L., Velazco, F., Lorre, A., et al. (2011) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2010gl046324 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
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Barton, E. D., Field, D. B., & Roy, C. (2013) · Progress in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2013.07.007 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
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Siemer, J. P., Machín, F., González‐Vega, A., Arrieta, J. M., Gutiérrez‐Guerra, M. A., Pérez‐Hernández, M. D., Vélez‐Belchí, P., Hernández‐Guerra, A., & Fraile‐Nuez, E. (2021) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · doi:10.1029/2021jc017268 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
- Authors
- McGregor, H. V., Dima, M., Fischer, H. W., & Mulitza, S.
- Affiliations
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (DE)
- Corresponding author
- McGregor, H. V.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2007-02-02
- Volume
- 315
- Issue
- 5812
- Pages
- 637-639
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1995809466
- Cited by
- 290
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 11.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung (Alfred-Wegener-Institut) (submittedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Keywords
- coastal upwelling, sea surface temperature, Little Ice Age, Medieval Warm Period, paleoclimate, sediment core, global warming, atmospheric CO2
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