Cited by 246Marine and fisheries researchFish Ecology and Management StudiesIchthyology and Marine Biology

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Biomass, Size, and Trophic Status of Top Predators in the Pacific Ocean

Sibert, John, Hampton, John, Kleiber, Pierre, Maunder, Mark·2006·Science

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Abstract

Fisheries have removed at least 50 million tons of tuna and other top-level predators from the Pacific Ocean pelagic ecosystem since 1950, leading to concerns about a catastrophic reduction in population biomass and the collapse of oceanic food chains. We analyzed all available data from Pacific tuna fisheries for 1950-2004 to provide comprehensive estimates of fishery impacts on population biomass and size structure. Current biomass ranges among species from 36 to 91% of the biomass predicted in the absence of fishing, a level consistent with or higher than standard fisheries management targets. Fish larger than 175 centimeters fork length have decreased from 5% to approximately 1% of the total population. The trophic level of the catch has decreased slightly, but there is no detectable decrease in the trophic level of the population. These results indicate substantial, though not catastrophic, impacts of fisheries on these top-level predators and minor impacts on the ecosystem in the Pacific Ocean.

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Marshall, K., & Essington, T. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029723 · Cited by 5
Species composition and diversity of pelagic fishes based on a longline fishery catch in the North Pacific Ocean
Zhu, J., Dai, X., & Chen, Y. (2011) · Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology · doi:10.1007/s00343-011-0122-7 · Cited by 5
A Six-Decade Portrait of Florida Marine Fisheries via Landings-Based Trophodynamic Indicators
Munyandorero, J., & Guenther, C. B. (2010) · doi:10.1577/m08-202.1 · Cited by 5
“Still, this metric has provoked controversies ( Caddy et al. 1998 ; Sibert et al.”
Comparative analysis of U.S. federal fishery management to the FAO ecolabelling guidelines : a self-assessment
Walsh, M. L., Tromble, G., Patrick, W., & Morrison, W. (2015) · doi:10.7289/v5df6p70 · Cited by 5
“…structure, through analysis of all available data from Pacific tuna fisheries (including multinational longline fisheries) for 1950-2004, indicate relatively minor impacts on the pelagic ecosystem in the Pacific Ocean" (Bartram et al., 2008 and Bartram and Kaneko, 2009 citing Sibert et al., 2006).”
Habitat Preferences of Blue Marlin (Makaira nigricans) and Black Marlin (Istiompax indica) in the Eastern Pacific Ocean
Farchadi, N. (2018) · Digital USD (University of San Diego) · doi:10.22371/02.2018.016 · Cited by 6
“Large predatory fish populations and communities have been impacted significantly by industrialized fisheries (Jackson et al. 2001, Myers and Worm 2003, Sibert et al. 2006, Worm et al. 2009).”
Modeling the Effect of Environmental Factors on the Ricker Stock-Recruitment Relationship for North Pacific Albacore Using Generalized Additive Models
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Topology-based analysis of pelagic food web structure in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean based on longline observer data
Lin, Q., & Zhu, J. (2020) · Acta Oceanologica Sinica · doi:10.1007/s13131-020-1592-2 · Cited by 3
Environmental Policy and Political Realities
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Changes in ranges of large ocean fish
Brown, J. H. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.1109139108 · Cited by 3
Food-web inferences of stable isotope spatial patterns in copepods and yellowfin tuna in the pelagic eastern Pacific Ocean
Olson, R. J., Popp, B., Graham, B., López-Ibarra, G. A., Galván-Magaña, F., Lennert-Cody, C., Bocanegra-Castillo, N., Wallsgrove, N., Gier, E., Alatorre-Ramírez, V., et al. (2010) · Progress In Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2010.04.026 · Cited by 3
Feeding Ecology of Skates and Rays in Delaware and Narragansett Bays
Szczepanski, J. A. (2013) · Digital Commons - URI (University of Rhode Island) · doi:10.23860/diss-szczepanski-john-2013 · Cited by 3
Bioecological Attributes as Predictors of Global Extinction Risk for Marine Chondrichthyans (Chondrichthyes, Huxley, 1880)
de Oliveira, C. D. L., da Silva, J. C., Ladle, R. J., & Batista, V. D. S. (2024) · Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems · doi:10.1002/aqc.4238 · Cited by 2
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Kai, M., & Yokoi, H. (2017) · doi:10.1139/cjfas-2016-0170 · Cited by 2
“2013), although some stock assessments found no detectable decreases in the 35 biomass of the North Pacific blue shark (Prionace glauca) (Sibert et al. 2006; Kleiber et 36 al.”
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Díaz-Uribe, J. G., Klett-Traulsen, A., Morales-Bojórquez, E., Aguirre-Villaseñor, H., Dreyfus-León, M., Santana-Hernández, H., & Zúñiga-Flores, M. S. (2023) · Ciencias Marinas · doi:10.7773/cm.y2023.3362 · Cited by 1
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Chacón, I., & Soley, F. (2020) · doi:10.15517/rbt.v68is1.41126 · Cited by 1
Catastrophes, resilience, and the theory of designing marine reserves
Game, E. T. (2008) · The University of Queensland · doi:10.14264/164059
Body condition differs among social clusters and across years in endangered false killer whales in Hawaiʻi
Currie, J., Stirling, B., Olson, G. L., van Aswegen, M., Evans, L., Stack, S., Kobayashi, N., Ueda, K., Higa, S., Gough, W., et al. (2026) · Endangered Species Research · doi:10.3354/esr01505
“Several key prey species, including yellowfin tuna, have declined significantly over the past century (Shomura 1987, Sibert et al. 2006), which may further intensify competition between false killer whales and fisheries.”
Exploring the trophic strategies of two large pelagic species inhabiting the Galapagos Marine Reserve
Moreira-Mendieta, A., Riofrío-Lazo, M., Suárez-Moncada, J., & Páez-Rosas, D. (2025) · Fisheries Research · doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2025.107442
Climate change induced environmental variability affects the tuna catch composition: a perspective of catch mean trophic level
Jiang, M., Wang, J., & Chen, X. (2025) · Acta Oceanologica Sinica · doi:10.1007/s13131-025-2488-y
“Over the last fifty years, skipjack tuna stocks in the WCPO have shown an increase in abundance, potentially related to declining stocks of their competing species (Mainardi, 2009; Sibert et al., 2006).”
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Barrier, N., Maury, O., Séférian, R., Santana-Falcón, Y., Tidd, A., & Lengaigne, M. (2025) · Earth's Future · doi:10.1029/2024ef004736
“Another limitation of this study is that we only considered the impact of climate change on the ecosystem without accounting for the effects of fishing, which also reduces fish biomass and may influence their ToE (Sibert et al., 2006).”
Variabilité du comportement de recherche alimentaire d’un oiseau marin tropical : le fou à pieds rouges (Sula sula)
Mendez, L. (2017) · doi:10.70675/18acbda7zca01z4dd9zb9d7zd1f7ae128b71
“Les thons tropicaux sont des espèces surexploitées par les pêcheries, dont les quantités prélevées sont en constante augmentation (Pauly et al. 2003, Myers & Worm 2005, Sibert et al. 2006).”
Sustainable seafood in an era of overfishing
Nakamura, K. (2015) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0166752

Authors: Sibert, J., Hampton, J., Kleiber, P., & Maunder, M.
Affiliations: NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (US)
Corresponding author: Sibert, John
ORCID: Hampton, John
Maunder, Mark
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2006-12-15
Volume: 314
Issue: 5806
Pages: 1773-1776
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.1135347
OpenAlex: W2109278119
Cited by: 246
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 17.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Marine and fisheries research
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Fish Ecology and Management Studies
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ichthyology and Marine Biology
Keywords: Pacific tuna fisheries, top predators, population biomass, size structure, trophic levels, fisheries impacts, pelagic ecosystem
MeSH terms: Animals, Conservation of Natural Resources, Fisheries, Pacific Ocean, Perciformes, Population Density, Population Dynamics, Predatory Behavior, Sharks, Tuna, Ecosystem, Biomass, Food Chain, Body Size

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Biomass, Size, and Trophic Status of Top Predators in the Pacific Ocean

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