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The Transition from Stiff to Compliant Materials in Squid Beaks
Open accessAbstract
The beak of the Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas represents one of the hardest and stiffest wholly organic materials known. As it is deeply embedded within the soft buccal envelope, the manner in which impact forces are transmitted between beak and envelope is a matter of considerable scientific interest. Here, we show that the hydrated beak exhibits a large stiffness gradient, spanning two orders of magnitude from the tip to the base. This gradient is correlated with a chemical gradient involving mixtures of chitin, water, and His-rich proteins that contain 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl- l -alanine (dopa) and undergo extensive stabilization by histidyl-dopa cross-link formation. These findings may serve as a foundation for identifying design principles for attaching mechanically mismatched materials in engineering and biological applications.
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Extant cephalopod jaws are made of one of the hardest and stiffest known wholly organic materials, which probably applied to many extinct cephalopods as well.
“Extant cephalopods jaws are made of one of the hardest and stiffest known wholly organic materials (Miserez et al. 2008), which probably applied to many extinct cephalopods as well.”
From Palaeozoic evolution of animal mouthparts (2017) · cites this paper as Miserez et al. 2008
The Abstract describes the Humboldt squid beak—and specifically its tip—as among the hardest and stiffest wholly organic biomaterials. It does not establish that characterization for jaws across extant cephalopods. The suggestion about extinct cephalopods follows the citation and appears to be the citing authors’ inference, not a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Biological materials: Functional adaptations and bioinspired designs
Chen, P.-Y., McKittrick, J., & Meyers, M. A. (2012) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2012.03.001 · Cited by 766
The supramolecular structure of melanin
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Robust, self-healing hydrogels synthesised from catechol rich polymers
Yavvari, P. S., & Srivastava, A. (2015) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/c4tb01307g · Cited by 126
Palaeozoic evolution of animal mouthparts
Klug, C., Frey, L., Pohle, A., De Baets, K., & Korn, D. (2017) · Bulletin of Geosciences · doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1648 · Cited by 54
Metadata
- Authors
- Miserez, A., Schneberk, T., Sun, C., Zok, F. W., & Waite, J. H.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zok, Frank W.
- Waite, J. Herbert
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2008-03-28
- Volume
- 319
- Issue
- 5871
- Pages
- 1816-1819
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC2754134
- OpenAlex
- W2028356706
- Cited by
- 453
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 4.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE014672, R01DE015415)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Cephalopods and Marine Biology
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Keywords
- Dosidicus gigas, stiffness gradient, organic materials, chitin, histidine-rich proteins, DOPA, impact force transmission, mechanical mismatch, biomaterial design
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acids, Animals, Beak, Biomechanical Phenomena, Chitin, Compliance, Dihydroxyphenylalanine, Dopamine, Freeze Drying, Glucosamine, Hardness, Histidine, Pigmentation, Proteins, Water, Decapodiformes
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