Cited by 615Planetary Science and ExplorationAstro and Planetary ScienceAtmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics

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Strong Release of Methane on Mars in Northern Summer 2003

Mumma, Michael J., Villanueva, Geronimo L., Novak, Robert E., Hewagama, Tilak, Bonev, Boncho P., DiSanti, Michael A., Mandell, Avi M., Smith, Michael D.·2009·Science

DOI 10.1126/science.1165243

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Abstract

Living systems produce more than 90% of Earth's atmospheric methane; the balance is of geochemical origin. On Mars, methane could be a signature of either origin. Using high-dispersion infrared spectrometers at three ground-based telescopes, we measured methane and water vapor simultaneously on Mars over several longitude intervals in northern early and late summer in 2003 and near the vernal equinox in 2006. When present, methane occurred in extended plumes, and the maxima of latitudinal profiles imply that the methane was released from discrete regions. In northern midsummer, the principal plume contained ∼19,000 metric tons of methane, and the estimated source strength (≥0.6 kilogram per second) was comparable to that of the massive hydrocarbon seep at Coal Oil Point in Santa Barbara, California.

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“As pointed out by Zahnle et al. (2011), the two blueDoppler-shifted methane transitions R(0) and R(1), identified as martian signatures by Mumma et al. (2009) in the wings of the strong methane telluric lines, also coincide with the 13CH4 R(0) and R(1) terrestrial lines.”
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“Although recently questioned by Zahnle et al. (2010), it is generally accepted that CH4 is released in large quantities from regions on Mars (Formisano et al., 2004; Mumma et al., 2009).”
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“…recent release of the detected methane into the atmosphere of Mars does not constrain the originating source of the molecules only to presently active phenomena, as the existence of long-term methane storage mechanisms on Mars cannot be ruled out (Chastain and Chevrier, 2007; Mumma et al., 2009).”
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“Two other aspects of the results presented by Mumma et al. (2009) are important: ﬁrst, the rates at which methane is being released into the atmosphere, which are comparable to some hydrocarbon seeps on Earth; second, the rates at which methane is being removed from the atmosphere, with actual…”
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“…biomarker — 90–95% of the methane in Earth’s atmosphere is biologically derived — and since previous Mars orbital and groundbased observations indicated 10–70 ppbv of the gas in the atmosphere (Formisano et al., 2004; Mumma et al., 2009), the in situ SAM measurements were eagerly anticipated.”
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Authors: Mumma, M. J., Villanueva, G. L., Novak, R. E., Hewagama, T., Bonev, B. P., DiSanti, M. A., Mandell, A. M., & Smith, M. D.
Affiliations: Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
Corresponding author: Mumma, Michael J.
ORCID: Mumma, Michael J.
Villanueva, Geronimo L.
Hewagama, Tilak
Bonev, Boncho P.
DiSanti, Michael A.
Mandell, Avi M.
Smith, Michael D.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 2009-02-20
Volume: 323
Issue: 5917
Pages: 1041-1045
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.1165243
OpenAlex: W1987622845
Cited by: 615
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 61
FWCI: 33.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
Keywords: methane plumes, Mars atmosphere, methane emissions, source strength, water vapor, methane seepage, hydrocarbon seepage
MeSH terms: Extraterrestrial Environment, Methane, Seasons, Spectrum Analysis, Steam, Mars

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Strong Release of Methane on Mars in Northern Summer 2003

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